Mechanisms involved in contractile differences among cremaster muscles according to localization of testis

Tanyel, Feridun Cahit; Ertunç, Mert; Büyükpamukçu, Nebìl; Onur, Rüştü

doi:10.1053/jpsu.2001.27042

Cited by 19 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Therefore the absence of response indicates more exposure to the agonist that acts to generate IP3, and further elevation in cytosolic Ca 2+ via this pathway has not been possible in sacs associated with undescended testis. Our further studies have suggested that the decrease in sympathetic tonus is responsible for the relative increase in parasympathetic tonus in boys with undescended testes [22][23][24]. The decrease in sympathetic tonus through potentiation of the phospholipase C pathway, thus generation of IP3, appears to have accomplished the initial depletion of Ca 2+ stores leading to succeeding steps of PCD including Ca 2+ overload in sacs associated with undescended testis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…On the other hand cremaster muscles associated with undescended testis have also revealed electron microscopic evidence of an elevation in cytosolic Ca 2+ . A lower Ca 2+ content together with evidence of an elevation in cytosolic Ca 2+ and increased contractility have suggested the persistence of depletion of stores due to the dominance of the PLC pathway in boys with undescended testes [23][24][25][26]. Contrary to the persistence of depletion of stores in the cremaster muscle, Ca 2+ overload has supervened in sacs associated with undescended testis, thus further steps in PCD have succeeded the initial depletion of stores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evidence suggests that failed descent, which is the failed propulsion through PV, is due to a decrease in sympathetic tonus via androgen receptor-dependent upregulation of afferent neurotransmitters, thus the potentation of parasympathetic tonus [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the transient decrease takes place, but is not sustained or further steps in PCD fail to progress, hydrocele is encountered. On the other hand, a decrease in sympathetic tonus before or after the descent of the testis may either inhibit the propulsion of the testis or ascend the initially propelled testis by contracting the CM [24,26,29]. Since chemical sympathectomy causes SM abnormalities within the vas deferens [30], a persistent decrease in sympathetic tonus, which may also affect the SM within the vas deferens and epididymis, may further link the increased incidence of vaso-epididymal anomalies in boys with undescended testis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Total Calcium Content of Sacs Associated with Inguinal Hernia, Hydrocele or Undescended Testis Reflects Differences Dictated by Programmed Cell Death

Tanyel¹,

Ulusu

Tezcan

et al. 2003

Urol Int

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Introduction: Inguinal hernia and hydrocele are suggested to result from the persistence of smooth muscle (SM) which should undergo programmed cell death (PCD) after presenting transiently to propel the testis. Since Ca²⁺ is involved in PCD, the Ca²⁺ contents of the peritoneum and sacs associated with undescended testis, inguinal hernia and hydrocele were determined and compared. Materials and Methods: Sacs were obtained from boys with undescended testis (n = 11), inguinal hernia (n = 22) and hydrocele (n = 10), and girls with inguinal hernia (n = 7). The calcium content of the sacs and peritoneal samples (n = 6) was determined through atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Calcium contents were compared according to their sources using the Mann-Whitney U test and p values of <0.05 were considered significant. Results: While revealing similar Ca²⁺ contents as the peritoneum, sacs associated with undescended testis and hydrocele contained more Ca²⁺ contents than the sacs of boys and girls with inguinal hernia (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Sacs associated with inguinal hernia, which are known to contain SM all around the mesothelial layer, contain the least Ca²⁺. Despite the decrease in SM, sacs associated with hydrocele contain more Ca²⁺. Since PCD is associated with Ca²⁺ overload and inhibition of Ca²⁺ load inhibits PCD, differences in Ca²⁺ content may reflect the inhibition of PCD at different stages and for different reasons in inguinal hernia or hydrocele of childhood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Total Calcium Content of Sacs Associated with Inguinal Hernia, Hydrocele or Undescended Testis Reflects Differences Dictated by Programmed Cell Death

Tanyel¹,

Ulusu

Tezcan

et al. 2003

Urol Int

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In the STG, the CGRP immunoreactive neurons could modulate the neurotransmission on their target organs (H€ appol€ a et al, 1993). In particular on the striated muscle, CGRP elicits contraction and increases the maximal contractile response (Tanyel et al, 2001c). Moreover, CGRP has been proposed to regulate inguinoscrotal testicular descent and to chemotactically guide the gubernaculum into the scrotum (Hutson, 1998;Lie and Hutson, 2011).…”

Section: Cgrp-immunoreactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurochemical Features of the Autonomic Neurons Projecting to the Cremaster Muscle of the Boar

Botti

Ragionieri

Cacchioli

et al. 2015

The Anatomical Record

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The cremaster muscle (CM) is a striated muscle showing some unusual features for ordinary striated muscles, in fact it receives, besides somatic innervation, a conspicuous autonomic sympathetic innervation. The autonomic neurons associated with the CM of 4 male intact pigs were typified combining the retrograde nontrans-synaptic fluorescent tracer Fast Blue (FB) and double labeling immunohistochemical methods. We collected the L4 sympathetic trunk ganglion (STG), that our preliminary studies proved to contain the highest number (575.5 6 152.93; mean-6 S.E.M., n 5 4) of FB1 sympathetic neurons projecting to CM. About half of the CM projecting neurons of this ganglion were catecholaminergic and showed the colocalization of Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) with Neuropeptide Y (NPY), Leu-Enkephaline (LENK), Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP), Calcitonine Gene Related Peptide (CGRP), Substance P (SP), neuronal Nitric Oxyde Sinthase (n-NOS), and Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter (VAChT). The noncatecholaminergic neurons were immunoreactive for all the other markers tested, even if in small percentages. The conspicuous and heterogeneous contribution of the sympathetic autonomic neurons to the muscle innervation is consistent with the hypothesis of a possible origin of the CM fibers by transdifferentiation of the smooth muscle-like gubernaculum mesenchyma into striated myotubes, suggesting that the cremaster myogenesis is independent from that of the abdominal muscles.

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Immunohistochemical Properties of the Peripheral Neurons Projecting to the Pig Bulbospongiosus Muscle

Botti

Ragionieri

Cacchioli

et al. 2016

The Anatomical Record

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Retrograde neuronal tracing and single labelling immunofluorescence methods were used to define the neurochemical content of the peripheral autonomic and sensitive neurons projecting to the male pig striated bulbospongiosus muscle (BSM). The retrograde fluorescent neuronal tracer Fast Blue (FB) was injected into the left bulbospongiosus muscle of four intact impuberal pigs. After a 10-day survival time, the ipsilateral sacral sympathetic trunk ganglia (STGs), the caudal mesenteric ganglion (CMG), and the sacral spinal ganglia (SGs) were collected from each animal. In FB1 neurons of these ganglia, the presence of cathecolamine-(tyrosine hydroxylase-TH), acetylcholine-(vesicular acetylcholine transporter-VChAT), or nitric oxide-synthesizing (neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase-nNOS) enzymes and of some biologically active peptides (calcitonine gene-related peptide-CGRP, Leu-Enkephaline-LENK, Neuropeptide Y-NPY, Substance P-SP and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-VIP) were studied. The ipsilateral STGs FB1 neurons showed immunoreactivity principally for TH and NPY and in decreasing order for VIP, VChAT, SP, CGRP, nNOS, and LENK. The left CMG FB1 neurons were immunoreactive to TH and NPY, and in smaller proportions for VIP, LENK, VChAT, CGRP, nNOS, and SP. The ipsilateral SGs FB1 neurons resulted immunoractive for CGRP, LENK, NPY, nNOS, SP, and VChAT. The heterogeneous neurochemical content of the peripheral neurons projecting to the pig BSM allows us to hypothesize the involvement of autonomic ganglia in the activity of both blood vessels and striated fibers of the muscle and the involvement of sensory ganglia in the afferent transmission from the muscle to spinal cord and in antidromic mechanisms that causes the relaxation of the BSM blood vessels. Anat Rec, 299:1192Rec, 299: -1202Rec, 299: , 2016. V C 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Key words: immunohistochemistry; retrograde tracing; peripheral neurons; bulbospongiosus muscle; pigThe striated and paired bulbospongiosus muscle (BSM) is a perineal muscle associated to the genital organs. It is a single muscle in male mammals, while in females it is divided in vestibule and vulva constrictor muscles. In the male, it originates laterally from the tunica albuginea of the penis corpora spongiosa and terminates on the perineum median septum (Schaller, 1992).

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Mechanisms involved in contractile differences among cremaster muscles according to localization of testis

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

Total Calcium Content of Sacs Associated with Inguinal Hernia, Hydrocele or Undescended Testis Reflects Differences Dictated by Programmed Cell Death

Total Calcium Content of Sacs Associated with Inguinal Hernia, Hydrocele or Undescended Testis Reflects Differences Dictated by Programmed Cell Death

Neurochemical Features of the Autonomic Neurons Projecting to the Cremaster Muscle of the Boar

Immunohistochemical Properties of the Peripheral Neurons Projecting to the Pig Bulbospongiosus Muscle

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