Mechanisms for Imparting Conductivity to Nonconductive Polymeric Biomaterials

Patton, Alexander J.; Poole-Warren, Laura A.; Green, Rylie A.

doi:10.1002/mabi.201600057

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 220 publications

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“…This forms an ionic association and mechanical interaction between the electrode and coating, but there is no covalent chemical bond. Nucleation of the CP at the electrode surface during polymerization will be critical to both electrochemical properties and long-term stability of the CH material (Arteaga et al, 2013 ; Patton et al, 2015 , 2016 ). For the SS electrode array the cleaning protocol of repeat acid immersions and sonication was critical to reducing passivation and enabling CP deposition on these electrodes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive Hydrogel Electrodes for Delivery of Long-Term High Frequency Pulses

et al. 2018

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Nerve block waveforms require the passage of large amounts of electrical energy at the neural interface for extended periods of time. It is desirable that such waveforms be applied chronically, consistent with the treatment of protracted immune conditions, however current metal electrode technologies are limited in their capacity to safely deliver ongoing stable blocking waveforms. Conductive hydrogel (CH) electrode coatings have been shown to improve the performance of conventional bionic devices, which use considerably lower amounts of energy than conventional metal electrodes to replace or augment sensory neuron function. In this study the application of CH materials was explored, using both a commercially available platinum iridium (PtIr) cuff electrode array and a novel low-cost stainless steel (SS) electrode array. The CH was able to significantly increase the electrochemical performance of both array types. The SS electrode coated with the CH was shown to be stable under continuous delivery of 2 mA square pulse waveforms at 40,000 Hz for 42 days. CH coatings have been shown as a beneficial electrode material compatible with long-term delivery of high current, high energy waveforms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive Hydrogel Electrodes for Delivery of Long-Term High Frequency Pulses

et al. 2018

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“…Many researches have studied the combination of hydrogels with conductive materials. To provide conductivity to a hydrogel, methods such as agitation of the synthesized conductive materials in the hydrogel-forming process, synthesis in situ within the hydrogel, and coating of the surface of the hydrogel have been performed [126] (Table 4). Since the conducting environment provided to each cell differs depending on the method of introduction of the conductivity of the hydrogel [58], it is essential to select a method that is suitable for each cell and application.…”

Section: Types Of Conductive Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of Conductive Materials into Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications

2018

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In the field of tissue engineering, conductive hydrogels have been the most effective biomaterials to mimic the biological and electrical properties of tissues in the human body. The main advantages of conductive hydrogels include not only their physical properties but also their adequate electrical properties, which provide electrical signals to cells efficiently. However, when introducing a conductive material into a non-conductive hydrogel, a conflicting relationship between the electrical and mechanical properties may develop. This review examines the strengths and weaknesses of the generation of conductive hydrogels using various conductive materials such as metal nanoparticles, carbons, and conductive polymers. The fabrication method of blending, coating, and in situ polymerization is also added. Furthermore, the applications of conductive hydrogel in cardiac tissue engineering, nerve tissue engineering, and bone tissue engineering and skin regeneration are discussed in detail.

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“…To provide conductivity to a hydrogel, methods such as agitation of the synthesized conductive materials in the hydrogel-forming process, synthesis in situ within the hydrogel and coating of the surface of the hydrogel have been performed [122]. Since the conducting environment provided to each cell differs depending on the method of introduction of the conductivity of the hydrogel [57], it is essential to select a method that is suitable for each cell and application.…”

Section: Synthesis Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is essential that the conductive component achieve homogeneous mixing so that the conductive path is generated in a nonconductive hydrogel network. Research of these properties has been performed because the ideal conductive hydrogel has biocompatibility with improved electrical properties and physical strength [122].…”

Section: Blending Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incorporation of Conductive Materials into Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications

Min¹,

Koh²

2018

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In the field of tissue engineering, conductive hydrogels have been the most effective biomaterials to mimic the biological and electrical properties of tissues in the human body. The main advantages of conductive hydrogel include not only its physical properties, but also its adequate electrical properties, thus providing electrical signals to cells efficiently. However, when introducing a conductive material into a non-conductive hydrogel, a conflicting relationship between the electrical and mechanical properties may develop. This review examines the strengths and weaknesses of the generation of conductive hydrogels using various conductive materials and introduces the use of these conductive hydrogels in tissue engineering applications.

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Mechanisms for Imparting Conductivity to Nonconductive Polymeric Biomaterials

Cited by 15 publications

References 220 publications

Conductive Hydrogel Electrodes for Delivery of Long-Term High Frequency Pulses

Conductive Hydrogel Electrodes for Delivery of Long-Term High Frequency Pulses

Incorporation of Conductive Materials into Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications

Incorporation of Conductive Materials into Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications

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