Mechanisms Controlling MicroRNA Expression in Tumor

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are widely present in many organisms and regulate the expression of genes in various biological processes such as cell differentiation, metabolism, and development. Numerous studies have shown that miRNAs are abnormally expressed in tumor tissues and are closely associated with tumorigenesis. MiRNA-based cancer gene therapy has consistently shown promising anti-tumor effects and is recognized as a new field in cancer treatment. So far, some clinical trials involving the treatment of malignancies have been carried out; however, studies of miRNA-based cancer gene therapy are still proceeding slowly. Therefore, furthering our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of miRNA can bring substantial benefits to the development of miRNA-based gene therapy or other combination therapies and the clinical outcome of patients with cancer. Recent studies have revealed that the aberrant expression of miRNA in tumors is associated with promoter sequence mutation, epigenetic alteration, aberrant RNA modification, etc., showing the complexity of aberrant expression mechanisms of miRNA in tumors. In this paper, we systematically summarized the regulation mechanisms of miRNA expression in tumors, with the aim of providing assistance in the subsequent elucidation of the role of miRNA in tumorigenesis and the development of new strategies for tumor prevention and treatment.

Cisplatin induces acute kidney injury by downregulating miR‐30e‐5p that targets Galnt3 to activate the AMPK signaling pathway

“…In addition, miRNAs are involved in the regulation of pathophysiological processes, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. 23,24 To search for key miRNAs associated with cAKI, we examined the differences in renal miRNA expression profiles between control and cisplatin-induced mice using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that miR-30e-5p was the key miRNA whose expression was downregulated in cAKI.…”

“…In recent years, with the development of life sciences, miRNAs play an increasing important role in disease progression. In addition, miRNAs are involved in the regulation of pathophysiological processes, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress 23,24 . To search for key miRNAs associated with cAKI, we examined the differences in renal miRNA expression profiles between control and cisplatin‐induced mice using high‐throughput sequencing.…”

MiR-122-5p regulates erastin-induced ferroptosis via CS in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

“…MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules approximately 21–25 nucleotides long that target the 3′-untranslated region of specific genes and regulate several metabolic pathways by modulating gene transcription and translation 27 . miRNAs can regulate tumor incidence and development by controlling tumor cell growth, invasion, migration, and chemotherapeutic resistance 28 . miR-122-5p is involved in regulating the development of several malignant tumors such as gastric cancer, renal cell carcinoma, liver cancer, melanoma, and breast cancer 29 – 33 .…”

Analysis of the substrate nature on the strength of a single-lap joint

“…Carbas et al [16] introduced the idea of using mixed adhesive joints to increase joint strength and minimize peak adhesive stresses. Chen et al [17] numerically analyzed the strength of adhesive bonded joints under the effect of graded substrates. Marques et al [18] and Durodola et al [19] used Functionally graded adhesive joints.…”