Mechanisms, Capabilities, and Applications of High‐Resolution Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing

Abstract

This review gives an overview of techniques used for high-resolution jet printing that rely on electrohydrodynamically induced flows. Such methods enable the direct, additive patterning of materials with a resolution that can extend below 100 nm to provide unique opportunities not only in scientific studies but also in a range of applications that includes printed electronics, tissue engineering, and photonic and plasmonic devices. Following a brief historical perspective, this review presents descriptions of the underlying processes involved in the formation of liquid cones and jets to establish critical factors in the printing process. Different printing systems that share similar principles are then described, along with key advances that have been made in the last decade. Capabilities in terms of printable materials and levels of resolution are reviewed, with a strong emphasis on areas of potential application.

Coaxial nozzle-assisted electrohydrodynamic printing for microscale 3D cell-laden constructs

“…Microextrusion-based cell printing has the drawbacks of low printing resolution as well as the side effect of flow-induced shear stress on cell viability [9][10][11] . Electrohydrodynamic jetting or printing recently attracts extensive attentions in fabricating highresolution features based on the principle of elec tro hydro dy namically induced material flows [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . Several process parameters had been investigated to achieve stable electrohydrodynamic printing process, such as applied voltage, moving speed, feeding rate of materials and inter diameter of nozzle [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] .…”

High-speed precise cell patterning by pulsed electrohydrodynamic jet printing

“…Among many direct writing methods, EHD printing has much potential for high resolution patterning [2]. EHD printing is driven by a strong electric field generated by a voltage between the nozzle with charged liquid and a grounded electrode [3,4]. The essential diminishing of the droplet size as compared with the nozzle diameter allows producing micron-scale droplets without tube contamination [5].…”

Charge effects and nanoparticle pattern formation in electrohydrodynamic NanoDrip printing of colloids

“…[1][2][3][4] Recently an electrohydrodynamic printing regime has been demonstrated in a rapid dripping mode (termed NanoDrip), where the ejected colloidal droplets from nozzles of diameters of O(1 µm) can controllably reach sizes an order of magnitude smaller than the nozzle and can generate planar and out-of-plane structures of similar sizes.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] Recently an electrohydrodynamic printing regime has been demonstrated in a rapid dripping mode (termed NanoDrip), where the ejected colloidal droplets from nozzles of diameters of O(1 µm) can controllably reach sizes an order of magnitude smaller than the nozzle and can generate planar and out-of-plane structures of similar sizes.1 Despite demonstrated capabilities, our fundamental understanding of important aspects of the physics of NanoDrip printing needs further improvement.Here we address the topics of charge content and transport in NanoDrip printing. We employ quantum dot and gold nanoparticle dispersions in combination with a specially designed, auxiliary, asymmetric electric field, targeting the understanding of charge locality (particles vs. solvent) and particle distribution in the deposits as indicated by the dried nanoparticle patterns (footprints) on the substrate.…”