Mechanisms behind the varying severity of Aleutian mink disease virus: Comparison of three farms with a different disease status

Virtanen, Jenni; Aaltonen, Kirsi; Moisander-Jylhä, A-M; Nordgren, Heli; Paulín, Lars; Peura, Jussi; Vapalahti, Olli; Kant, Ravi; Sironen, Tarja

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109452

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Statistical analysis showed that no color type had a significantly higher risk of AD. In agreement with our results, in a recent study by Virtanen et al [ 38 ], no significant differences was observed in antibody titers of white, sapphire, and brown color types in ¾ of samples. In contrast, Anderson et al [ 39 ] showed that the Hedlund white mink has a significantly higher risk of AD than brown and silver-blue color types.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Aleutian disease: Risk factors and ImmunAD strategy for genetic improvement of tolerance in American mink (Neogale vison)

Vahedi,

Ardestani,

Banabazi

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Aleutian disease (AD) is a devastating infectious disease in American mink (Neogale vison) industry caused by Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV). Two crucial steps toward controlling infectious diseases in farm animals are: (i) assessment of the infection risk factors to minimize the likelihood of infection and (ii) selection of animals with superior immune responses against pathogens to build tolerant farms. This study aimed to investigate AD risk factors and evaluate a novel “ImmunAD” approach for genetic improvement of AD tolerance. Phenotypic records and pedigree information of 1,366 and 24,633 animals were included in this study. The risk of animal’s age, sex, color type, and year of sampling on AMDV infection was assessed using a logistic regression model and counter immune-electrophoresis (CIEP) test results. ImmunAD phenotype was calculated based on AMDVG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and CIEP test results, and breeding values for ImmunAD were estimated using an animal model. Animals were classified into high-coordinated (HCIR), average-coordinated (ACIR), and low-coordinated immune responders (LCIR) using ImmunAD’s breeding values, and the impact of selection of HCIR on live grade of pelt quality (PQ), harvest weight (HW), and harvest length (HL) breeding values were evaluated. Age of > 1 year, male sex, and year of sampling were identified as significant risk factors of AD (p < 0.05). A moderate-to-high heritability (0.55±0.07) was estimated for ImmunAD, while a higher heritability was observed among the CIEP-positive animals (0.76±0.06). Significantly higher breeding values were observed for PQ and HL among HCIR than those for LCIR and ACIR (p < 0.05). Our findings indicate the critical role of male breeders in AD distribution within mink farms. Regular screening of AD in male breeders before pairing them with females during breeding seasons can help disease control. ImmunAD strategy can be applied to genetic improvement of AD tolerance, with favorable impacts on some growth and production traits. Higher genetic gains can be achieved in populations with higher AD seroprevalences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Aleutian disease: Risk factors and ImmunAD strategy for genetic improvement of tolerance in American mink (Neogale vison)

Vahedi,

Ardestani,

Banabazi

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…AMDV can persist in mink tissues and only up to a quarter of mink have been estimated to clear the virus completely 34 . However, the viremia in blood, feces and mouth can be transient 35 , 36 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic viral infection is associated with lower host reproductive output in wild mink populations

Zalewski

Virtanen

Zalewska

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Many endemic viruses circulate in populations without hosts showing visible signs of disease, while still having the potential to alter host survival or reproduction. Aleutian Mink Disease Virus (AMDV) circulates in many American mink (Neogale vison) populations in its native and introduced ranges. In this study, we analysed how AMDV infection in female American mink affects the reproduction of a feral population. Females infected with AMDV delivered significantly smaller litters (5.8 pups) than uninfected females (6.3 pups), meaning their litter size was reduced by 8%. Larger females and yearling females had larger litters than smaller and older females. There were no significant differences in whole litter survival between infected and uninfected females; however, offspring survival until September or October within litters of infected females was 14% lower than that within those of uninfected females. This negative link between infection and reproductive output means that Aleutian disease could seriously affect the wild mink population. This study increases our understanding of the threats posed by the spread of viruses to wildlife from farm animals or humans, highlighting that viruses circulating in wildlife, even in the absence of clinical manifestation, can be important drivers of population dynamics in wildlife.

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“…The disease has no cure or effective vaccine [ 2 ], and extensive virus eradication programs have failed in many countries [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Some AMDV infected mink exhibit mild sub-clinical symptoms and live healthy and productive lives [ 1 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], a phenomenon which is genetically controlled [ 9 , 10 ], suggesting that genetic selection for tolerance is a practical strategy to combat this virus. The most efficient method for identifying mink tolerant to AMDV infection remains a matter of debate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antibody titer is also negatively associated with reproductive performance [ 18 , 19 ], thus, implying that selection for low antibody titers is a logical approach for establishing tolerant herds. Development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) systems [ 20 , 21 , 22 ] has facilitated antibody titer measurement for the identification of tolerant mink, and a combination of weak ELISA positive and normal litter size was effective in reducing the incidence of clinical forms of the disease [ 8 ]. In addition to their pathogenic roles, antibodies play protective roles, because they restrict AMDV replication [ 23 , 24 ], and support partial viral clearance and sequestration of the virus during the early phases of infection [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Analytes of American Mink (Neovison Vison) Challenged with Aleutian Mink Disease Virus

Farid

Rupasinghe

2022

Animals

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Black American mink (Neovison vison), which had been selected for tolerance to Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) for more than 20 years (TG100) or were from herds that have been free of AMDV (TG0), along with their progeny and crosses with 50% and 75% tolerance ancestry, were inoculated with a local isolate of AMDV. Blood samples were collected from 493 mink between 120 and 1211 days post-inoculation, and concentrations of 14 serum analytes were measured. Distributions of all analytes significantly deviated from normality, and data were analyzed after Box–Cox power transformation. Significant differences were observed among tolerant groups in the concentrations of globulin (GLO), total protein (TP), alkaline phosphatase, urea nitrogen, and calcium. Concentrations of GLO and TP linearly and significantly decreased with an increasing percentage of tolerance ancestry. Eleven analytes had the smallest values in the tolerant groups (TG100 or TG75), and eight analytes had the greatest values in the non-selected groups (TG0 or TG50). Antibody titer had the greatest correlation coefficients with GLO (0.62), TP (0.53), and creatinine (0.36). It was concluded that selection for tolerance decreased the concentrations of most serum analytes, and TP and GLO were the most accurate biomarkers of tolerance to AMDV infection. Males had significantly greater values than females for phosphorus and total bilirubin concentrations, but females had significantly greater amylase, cholesterol, and BUN concentrations than males.

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Mechanisms behind the varying severity of Aleutian mink disease virus: Comparison of three farms with a different disease status

Cited by 4 publications

References 45 publications

Aleutian disease: Risk factors and ImmunAD strategy for genetic improvement of tolerance in American mink (Neogale vison)

Aleutian disease: Risk factors and ImmunAD strategy for genetic improvement of tolerance in American mink (Neogale vison)

Asymptomatic viral infection is associated with lower host reproductive output in wild mink populations

Serum Analytes of American Mink (Neovison Vison) Challenged with Aleutian Mink Disease Virus

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