Mechanisms associated with the depigmentation of brown eggshells: a review

Lu, Mingyuan; Xu, Li; Qi, Guang‐hai; Zhang, Haijun; Qiu, Kai; Wang, Jing; Wu, Shu‐geng

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2021.101273

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…It is of particular importance with respect to sexual signaling and the physiological and mechanical properties of shell pigment (27). The eggshell pigments are influenced by age and genetics (40), and the housing system and nutrition have only a minor impact (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study on egg cholesterol contents and eggshell protoporphyrin and biliverdin pigments of different poultry species

Muruz

Atmaca

Aksoy

2023

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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This study compared the cholesterol levels and shell pigments (protoporphyrin and biliverdin) of chicken (conventional and organic), quail, pheasant, and goose eggs. The material for the study was chicken (organic system -Lohmann Brown and conventional system -HyLine Brown) eggs, quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), goose (local), and pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) eggs homogeneously selected with a subjective scoring. High-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection was used to analyze the samples (HPLC-PDA). There were no significant differences in the yolk cholesterol content of eggs between species. Based on mg/g of yolk, different poultry species had comparable amounts of cholesterol. Quail eggshells contained significantly more protoporphyrin (81.92 M/g) than chicken (conventional-organic) and pheasant eggshells (P<0.01), but conventional chicken eggshells contained less protoporphyrin (10.73 M/g) than other species (P<0.01). Biliverdin was found only in the eggshells of quail (2.83 M/g) and pheasant (1.02 M/g) (P<0.01). It was observed that white shelled goose eggs had no detectable pigment. Research is required to elucidate the role of diet, age, stressor, strain, and housing systems on protoporphyrin and biliverdin pigment concentrations and cholesterol in table eggs and breeder eggs production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study on egg cholesterol contents and eggshell protoporphyrin and biliverdin pigments of different poultry species

Muruz

Atmaca

Aksoy

2023

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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“…Using the brown layer, the present study revealed significant effects of feed and housing systems on YW and SCR. Brown eggshell pigmentation is affected by several factors, including aging, nutrients, stress, the environment, and disease ( Lu et al, 2021 ). Although higher redness (not lightness and yellowness) was observed in the barn system than in the cage, Samiullah et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2017) reported that brown egg-laying hens reared in cages lay eggs with a darker eggshell color than hens in free-range systems. Lu et al (2021) summarized that it is plausible that cage systems may provide hens with more appropriate temperature and humidity, which might be beneficial with respect to pigment synthesis. Further experimental studies are needed to understand the differences in eggshell coloration between the cage and barn systems in terms of stress and environmental conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effect of Feed and Housing System Affects Free Amino Acid Content of Egg Yolk and Albumen in Brown Layer Chickens

Kawamura

Yokoyama²,

Takaya

et al. 2023

J. Poult. Sci.

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In recent years, the market share for cage-free eggs has gradually increased. Because commercially available cage-free eggs are often produced not only by several housing systems but also with different feed crude protein (CP) levels, there are combined effects of feed and housing systems between cage-free and cage eggs. Therefore, using field data, this study aimed to determine the combined effects of feed and housing systems on egg traits and yolk and albumen amino acids in table eggs. Brown layers (n = 40) at the middle laying stage under two feed and housing systems (cage, CP 15.5% diet; barn, CP 17.0% diet) were used. One-way analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used to evaluate 10 egg traits, 19 yolk amino acid traits, and 20 albumen amino acid traits. We observed significant effects of feed and housing on two egg traits (yolk weight and eggshell color redness), 16 yolk amino acids (Asp, Glu, Asn, Ser, Gln, His, Arg, Thr, Ala, Tyr, Met, Cys, Ile, Leu, Phe, and Lys), and 14 albumen amino acids (Asp, Asn, Ser, Gln, Gly, His, Arg, Thr, Ala, Val, Met, Cys, Ile, and Leu). This study revealed that eggs from the barn system (CP 17.0%) contained higher levels of free amino acids in 15 yolk and nine albumen amino acid traits. Phenotypic correlations among the 49 egg traits indicated similar correlation patterns in both systems, which implies that the balance of free amino acid content in yolk and albumen is similar in each system. Although some potential confounding factors may be present for comparing egg content between cage (CP 15.5%) and barn (CP 17.0%) systems, this study suggests that commercially available cage-free eggs may be different from cage eggs not only in external egg traits but also yolk and albumen amino acid traits.

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“…Eggshell color has a certain effect on eggshell structure, but there was a minor correlation between eggshell color and internal egg quality [ 1 – 4 ]. Brown eggshells contain abundant Protoporphyrin IX (Pp IX) [ 5 ], the concentration of which determines the brownness of the eggshell [ 6 , 7 ]. The deposition of Pp IX in the eggshell coincides with calcification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of crucial genes and metabolites regulating the eggshell brownness in chicken

et al. 2022

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Background Protoporphyrin IX (Pp IX) is the primary pigment for brown eggshells. However, the regulatory mechanisms directing Pp IX synthesis, transport, and genetic regulation during eggshell calcification in chickens remain obscure. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of brown eggshell formation at different times following oviposition, using White Leghorn hens (WS group), Rhode Island Red light brown eggshell line hens (LBS group) and Rhode Island Red dark brown eggshell line hens (DBS group). Results At 4, 16 and 22 h following oviposition, Pp IX concentrations in LBS and DBS groups were significantly higher in shell glands than in liver (P < 0.05). Pp IX concentrations in shell glands of LBS and DBS groups at 16 and 22 h following oviposition were significantly higher than WS group (P < 0.05). In comparative transcriptome analysis, δ-aminolevulinate synthase 1 (ALAS1), solute carrier family 25 member 38 (SLC25A38), ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) and feline leukemia virus subgroup C cellular receptor 1 (FLVCR1), which were associated with Pp IX synthesis, were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RT-qPCR results showed that the expression level of ALAS1 in shell glands was significantly higher in DBS group than in WS group at 16 and 22 h following oviposition (P < 0.05). In addition, four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ALAS1 gene that were significantly associated with eggshell brownness were identified. By identifying the differential metabolites in LBS and DBS groups, we found 11-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane in shell glands and 15-dehydro-prostaglandin E1(1-) and prostaglandin G2 2-glyceryl ester in uterine fluid were related to eggshell pigment secretion. Conclusions In this study, the regulatory mechanisms of eggshell brownness were studied comprehensively by different eggshell color and time following oviposition. Results show that Pp IX is synthesized de novo and stored in shell gland, and ALAS1 is a key gene regulating Pp IX synthesis in the shell gland. We found three transporters in Pp IX pathway and three metabolites in shell glands and uterine fluid that may influence eggshell browning.

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Mechanisms associated with the depigmentation of brown eggshells: a review

Cited by 12 publications

References 81 publications

A comparative study on egg cholesterol contents and eggshell protoporphyrin and biliverdin pigments of different poultry species

A comparative study on egg cholesterol contents and eggshell protoporphyrin and biliverdin pigments of different poultry species

Combined Effect of Feed and Housing System Affects Free Amino Acid Content of Egg Yolk and Albumen in Brown Layer Chickens

Identification of crucial genes and metabolites regulating the eggshell brownness in chicken

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