Mechanisms Associated with Diazinon Resistance in Western Flower Thrips

Zhao, Guangyu; Liu, Wei; Knowles, Charles O.

doi:10.1006/pest.1994.1030

Cited by 42 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Due to its great host plant range and its short life cycle (Frey 1990), the pest causes overwhelming damage and has lead to the destruction of entire crop stands (Lewis 1997). Since F. occidentalis has become resistant to many insecticides, conventional chemical control is no longer effective (Zhao et al 1994;Kontsedalov et al 1998). Furthermore, the control of this thrips with those pesticides still available on the market is unsatisfactory (Brødsgaard 1994;Schade and Sengonca 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The potential use of different predatory bug species in the biological control of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

2004

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In the present study, the suitability of different predatory bug species, such as Dicyphus tamaninii Wagner, Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur), Orius albidipennis Reuter, Orius majusculus Reuter and Orius sauteri Poppius, for the biological control of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), were investigated. Development of the predatory bug species, their reproduction as well as their daily and total prey consumption over a 18-day period with F. occidentalis larvae or various stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) individuals as prey species were studied during the experiments in the laboratory. In further experiments, the efficiency of D. tamaninii, M. pygmaeus, O. albidipennis and O. majusculus in controlling F. occidentalis under glasshouse conditions was investigated. Results showed that all the predators could develop under the experimental conditions with either F. occidentalis larvae or different stages of T. urticae as prey. When F. occidentalis larvae were offered as prey, the shortest duration of development was observed for O. albidipennis with a mean of 17.7 days, while D. tamaninii took the longest to develop with a mean of 36.3 days. With different stages of T. urticae as prey, the duration of development ranged from 19.3 days in O. albidipennis to 42.9 days in M. pygmaeus. Mean daily fecundity ranged from 0.8 eggs/female for O. majusculus to 2.2 eggs/female for O. sauteri with F. occidentalis larvae as prey and from 0.6, O. majusculus, to 2.3 eggs/female/day, O. sauteri, when different stages of T. urticae were offered as prey. Over the 18-day reproduction period, O. sauteri was the most fecund predatory species, laying a mean total of 31.6 and 31.3 eggs/female with F. occidentalis and T. urticae as prey, respectively. Daily consumption from F. occidentalis larvae ranged between 5.5 individuals consumed per day by O. majusculus and 29.1, by O. sauteri. When different stages of T. urticae were offered as prey, maximal consumption was observed in D. tamaninii with a mean of 29.0 individuals/day, while O. albidipennis consumed the least with an average of 8.1 preys/day. Over the 18-day prey consumption period, D. tamaninii consumed the highest mean number of 422.8 F. occidentalis larvae, while O. majusculus only consumed 98.8 larvae. Also, D. tamaninii had the maximum consumption of different stages of T. urticae with a mean of 522.4, while M. pygmaeus and O. albidipennis consumed the least, with an average of 146.1 and 146.0, respectively. The predatory bugs D. tamaninii, M. pygmaeus, O. albidipennis and O. majusculus significantly reduced the density of F. occidentalis on hybrids of Euphorbia milii, Serissa foetida and Saintpaulia ionantha in the glasshouse, which confirms their efficiency against this pest on different hosts under controlled climatic conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The potential use of different predatory bug species in the biological control of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

2004

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“…Their ability to rapidly develop resistance to synthetic chemical insecticides (Brødsgaard, 1994;Immaraju et al, 1992;Zhao et al, 1994) has stimulated research on alternative methods of control. One such alternative for thrips management in greenhouses is the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a novel bioassay for estimation of median lethal concentrations (LC50) and doses (LD50) of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis

Ugine

Wraight

Brownbridge

et al. 2005

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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“…High levels of GST and esterase activities are also present in resistant thrips (Ferrari et al 1993;Immaraju et al 1990;Jensen 2000;Zhao et al 1994;1995a;. Both of the sucking pests, S. dorsalis (Ananthakrishnan 1993) and E. flavescens (DeLong 1971), have a short generation time and high fecundity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Seasonal incidence and enzyme-based susceptibility to synthetic insecticides in two upcoming sucking insect pests of tea

2011

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Climate change, deforestation and over reliance on chemical pesticides during the last five decades are presumed to have had a significant impact on the incidence and abundance of agricultural pests. The thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) and the greenfly (Empoasca flavescens Fabricius), which were previously considered as minor or occasionally as serious pests in localized areas of tea plantations, are now established as regular and at times major pests in tea plantations of North Bengal spread over the sub Himalayan slopes and the adjoining plains of Terai and the Dooars. Tea-planters from different pockets of North Bengal have been repeatedly reporting control failures of these pests with the use of insecticides in recommended dilutions. A study of their seasonal incidence along with activity of detoxifying enzymes was considered. The trend of a recent population study revealed that E. flavescens and S. dorsalis were abundant throughout the year, with peaks during April to June. Abiotic factors such as temperature, rainfall, sunshine hours and relative humidity (afternoon) influenced the population abundance. Insecticideexposed populations showed higher levels of activity of the detoxifying enzymes than those collected from organic plantations and the laboratory-reared populations that had not been exposed to insecticides. Detoxifying enzymes in insecticide-exposed E. flavescens collected from Terai and the Dooars as compared with laboratory control specimens showed 3.0-5.2 and 3.0-9.7-fold increases in general esterases (GEs), 1.5-4.8 and 3.6-5.3-fold increases in cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and 1.2-3.5 and 1.5-2.5-fold increases in glutathione-s-transferases (GSTs), respectively. Similarly, S. dorsalis collected from Terai and the Dooars showed 2.0-6.0 and 2.3-5.6-fold increases in GEs, 1.5-2.3 and 1.6-2.4-fold increases in CYPs and 2.6-3.7 and 2.3-3.6-fold increases for GSTs, respectively. Bands of isozymes of esterase I-VI and I-V were found to be expressed in insecticideexposed specimens whereas a negligible expression was evident for the bands in unexposed E. flavescens and S. dorsalis of organic plantations and laboratory-reared origins, respectively. The data obtained in the present study would be useful in developing the integrated resistance management strategies leading to effective management of the said pests.

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Mechanisms Associated with Diazinon Resistance in Western Flower Thrips

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

The potential use of different predatory bug species in the biological control of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

The potential use of different predatory bug species in the biological control of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Development of a novel bioassay for estimation of median lethal concentrations (LC50) and doses (LD50) of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis

Seasonal incidence and enzyme-based susceptibility to synthetic insecticides in two upcoming sucking insect pests of tea

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