Mechanisms and possible controls of the in utero Zika virus infection: Where is the Holy Grail?

Fuwa, Kazumasa; Hayakawa, Satoshi

doi:10.1111/aji.12605

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…It is recommended that women with potential exposure or infected by ZIKV should wait at least 8 weeks from the onset of symptoms to conceive as well as those who have traveled to endemic areas even if there are no symptoms. It is recommended that men with symptoms characteristic of ZIKV wait at least 6 months to have unprotected sex 13,14,17,19,24,28,42,45,46 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ZIKV can be transmitted during sex (intercourse, anal, oral), from man to man, from woman to woman and from man to woman. Virus transmission occurs in symptomatic patients, although it is also possible in asymptomatic patients 11,16,17,24,26,33,42,45,46 .…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ZIKV vertical transmission can occur at any moment of pregnancy through the placental or intrapartum barrier, causing congenital infection 12,14,16,17,20,[22][23][24]27,29,30,35,37,[40][41][42][43][44]46,47,49 .…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common clinical symptoms reported were low fever (<38°C), rash/pruritic rash, arthritis and/ or arthralgia, myalgia, and non-purulent conjunctivitis [11][12][13]16,17,[19][20][21][23][24][25]27,[29][30][31][36][37][38]41,42,[46][47][48][49]50 .…”

Section: Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test For the Determination Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated that 80% of patients with ZIKV infection remain asymptomatic. Clinical manifestations appear in approximately 1 in 5 infected persons 5,12,17,26,31,37,[41][42][43]49 .…”

Section: Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test For the Determination Omentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zika virus: - a review of the main aspects of this type of arbovirosis

Dias

Sobreira

Martins

et al. 2018

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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The objective of this study was to integrate findings related to Zika virus from the scientific literature. An integrative review of Medline was conducted, and data search was performed using the Health Sciences Descriptor Zika virus and the following filters: full texts available; studies in humans; full articles; and publications in Portuguese, French, English, and Spanish. After application of the filters, followed by reading of the titles, abstracts, and full texts, 44 studies were included in the review, for which content analysis was performed. A large part of the literature comprised review articles (84%; N=37); the majority was in English (95%, N=42). In 2016, 84% (N=37) of our sample articles was published, while in 2017, 16% (N=7) was published. The main form of viral transmission was thorough the mosquito Aedes aegypti (N=30). In addition, sexual transmission (N=09), transmission through blood transfusion (N=16), vertical transmission (N=21) and transmission from occupational activities (N=03) occurred. It was possible to diagnose the disease by testing blood (N=22), urine (N=14), saliva (N=06), semen/sperm (N=03), cerebrospinal and amniotic fluid, and other tissues (N=02). Symptomatology occurred in 1-5 people (N=10) between 3 and 7 days after a mosquito bite (N=09). Complications observed were Guillain Barré syndrome (N=27); neurological Zika syndrome (N=27); meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and myelitis (N=07); deaths and/or newborns (N=03). The review provides scientific evidence that contributes to the care, planning and implementation of public policies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test For the Determination Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated that 80% of patients with ZIKV infection remain asymptomatic. Clinical manifestations appear in approximately 1 in 5 infected persons 5,12,17,26,31,37,[41][42][43]49 .…”

Section: Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test For the Determination Omentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Zika virus: - a review of the main aspects of this type of arbovirosis

Dias

Sobreira

Martins

et al. 2018

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Placental barrier against COVID-19

2020

Self Cite

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Vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and possible induction of pregnancy complications, including miscarriage, fetal malformations, fetal growth restriction and/or stillbirth, are serious concerns for pregnant individuals with COVID-19. According to clinical information, the incidence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is limited to date. However, even if a neonate tests negative for SARS-CoV-2, frequent abnormal findings, including fetal and maternal vascular malperfusion, have been reported in cases of COVID-19-positive mothers. Primary receptor of SARS-CoV-2 is estimated as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). It is highly expressed in maternal-fetal interface cells, such as syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts, endothelial cells, and the vascular smooth muscle cells of primary and secondary villi. However other route of transplacental infection cannot be ruled out. Pathological examinations have demonstrated that syncytiotrophoblasts are often infected with SARS-CoV-2, but fetuses are not always infected. These findings suggest the presence of a placental barrier, even if it is not completely effective. As the frequency and molecular mechanisms of intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 have not been determined to date, intensive clinical examinations by repeated ultrasound and fetal heart rate monitoring are strongly recommended for pregnant women infected with COVID-19. In addition, careful investigation of placental samples after delivery by both morphological and molecular methods is also strongly recommended.

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Zika Virus Infection in Pregnant Women and Microcephaly

Duarte

Moron

Timerman³

et al. 2017

Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet

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From the discovery of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in 1947 in Uganda (Africa), until its arrival in South America, it was not known that it would affect human reproductive life so severely. Today, damage to the central nervous system is known to be multiple, and microcephaly is considered the tip of the iceberg. Microcephaly actually represents the epilogue of this infection's devastating process on the central nervous system of embryos and fetuses. As a result of central nervous system aggression by the ZIKV, this infection brings the possibility of arthrogryposis, dysphagia, deafness and visual impairment. All of these changes of varying severity directly or indirectly compromise the future life of these children, and are already considered a congenital syndrome linked to the ZIKV. Diagnosis is one of the main difficulties in the approach of this infection. Considering the clinical part, it has manifestations common to infections by the dengue virus and the chikungunya fever, varying only in subjective intensities. conjunctivitis and arthralgia, among others. In terms of laboratory resources, there are also limitations to the subsidiary diagnosis. Molecular biology tests are based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with reverse transcriptase (RT) action, since the ZIKV is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus. The RT-PCR shows serum or plasma positivity for a short period of time, no more than five days after the onset of the signs and symptoms. The ZIKV urine test is positive for a longer period, up to 14 days. There are still no reliable techniques for the serological diagnosis of this infection. If there are no complications (meningoencephalitis or Guillain-Barré syndrome), further examination is unnecessary to assess systemic impairment. However, evidence is needed to rule out other infections that also cause rashes, such as dengue, chikungunya, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, rubella, and herpes. There is no specific antiviral therapy against ZIKV, and the therapeutic approach to infected pregnant women is limited to the use of antipyretics and analgesics. Anti-inflammatory drugs should be avoided until the diagnosis of dengue is discarded. There is no need to modify the schedule of prenatal visits for pregnant women infected by ZIKV, but it is necessary to guarantee three ultrasound examinations during pregnancy for low-risk pregnancies, and monthly for pregnant women with confirmed ZIKV infection. Vaginal delivery and natural breastfeeding are advised. ResumoDesde a descoberta do vírus Zika (VZIK) em 1947 em Uganda, na África, até sua chegada na América do Sul, não se tinha notícia de que ele seria capaz de comprometer a vida reprodutiva em humanos de forma tão severa. Hoje, sabe-se que os danos sobre o sistema nervoso central são múltiplos, e a microcefalia é considerada a ponta do iceberg, visto que na realidade ela representa o epílogo de um processo devastador desta infecção sobre o sistema nervoso central do embrião e do feto. Em decorrência da agressão do sistema nervoso central pelo VZIK, est...

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Mechanisms and possible controls of the in utero Zika virus infection: Where is the Holy Grail?

Abstract: Zika virus infection (ZVI) is a great concern for human health because it frequently causes fetal anomalies. Little is known about pathophysiology of ZVI because it has been regarded as a mild, no life-threatening infection. However, the latest endemic in

Cited by 4 publications

References 54 publications

Zika virus: - a review of the main aspects of this type of arbovirosis

Zika virus: - a review of the main aspects of this type of arbovirosis

Placental barrier against COVID-19

Zika Virus Infection in Pregnant Women and Microcephaly

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