Mechanisms and management of acaricide resistance for Tetranychus urticae in agroecosystems

Abstract

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a constant threat to sustainable production of numerous economically important crops globally. Management of T. urticae is heavily reliant on the application of synthetic acaricides. However, T. urticae has rapidly developed resistance to most of the acaricides available for its control due to its very broad host plant range, extremely short lifecycle, high fecundity, arrhenotokous parthenogenesis, and overwintering strategy. Despite the recent progress in identifying genetic changes/markers associated with resistance toward some commonly used acaricides for T. urticae, there is still limited studies that select and apply these markers in field populations to guide sustainable pest management strategy design. Temporal and spatial characterization of acaricide-resistant phenotypes and their underlying mechanisms are crucial for the design and implementation of successful and sustainable integrated mite management programs. This review highlights the current acaricide resistance status of field-collected T. urticae populations and the underlying molecular mechanisms of resistance. Our review found that some genetic mutations in target sites and/or overexpression of metabolic genes confer resistance in geographically exclusive populations, while some resistance markers appear to be specific to populations at biogeographical areas. Thus, there is a need for locally based coordinated efforts to understand the mechanisms of resistance present in endemic T. urticae populations. Moreover, we discuss a prospective template for designing an effective acaricide resistance management program within various agroecosystems.

Functional and Structural Diversity of Insect Glutathione S-transferases in Xenobiotic Adaptation

“…The xenobiotic adaptation in arthropods evolves through multiple mechanisms (Figure 1) [13,14], including reduced penetration through the cuticle, behavioral avoidance [15,16], microbiome-mediated detoxification [17][18][19][20], enhanced metabolic detoxification [21][22][23][24][25], enhanced sequestration or excretion [13,19,26,27], and target site insensitivity [28][29][30][31][32]. Among them, enhanced metabolic detoxification and target site insensitivity are the most common mechanisms [5,[33][34][35].…”

Acaricidal Activity of Bufadienolides Isolated from Drimia pancration against Tetranychus urticae, and Structural Elucidation of Arenobufagin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside

“…Given that a number of resistant populations of T. urticae has already emerged [6,39], there is an urgent need to look for new active substances with acaricidal activity. Plant extracts are among the most promising sources of compounds with a novel mechanism of action [40].…”

“…Managing insect and mite pests of agricultural importance is a major challenge nowadays, considering the quick and widespread development of pesticide resistance in overexposed pest populations [1], as well as the major impact of pesticide use on human health and the environment [2][3][4]. Among mites, the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Arachnida: Acari: Tetranychidae) is an excellent example of a species with huge economic importance coupled with the ability to quickly develop resistance to several classes Plants 2022, 11, 1629 2 of 9 of chemical acaricides [5,6], which is boosted by high fecundity, inbreeding, arrhenotokous reproduction, and short life cycle [7,8]. Of note, T. urticae can attack more than 1100 host plants, including both greenhouse and open-field crops [9,10].…”

Machine Learning to Predict the Interfacial Behavior of Pesticide Droplets on Hydrophobic Surfaces for Minimizing Environmental Risk

“…27 Every year, vast quantities of pesticides are applied to control citrus pests and diseases, polluting the ecological environment and increasing pesticide resistance, creating a vicious circle. 28,29 Hence, the mechanisms of wetting and impacting behavior on Citrus reticulata Blanco leaf surfaces are systematic research for optimizing the droplet properties with a common strategy to achieve effective deposition.…”

“…Citrus is one of the most popular fruits and is grown worldwide for its nutritional and economic value, with a global area harvested of 1465,193 ha and production of 13,735,357 tonnes (FAOSTAT, 2020), ranking among the top fruits, but threatened by a variety of diseases . Every year, vast quantities of pesticides are applied to control citrus pests and diseases, polluting the ecological environment and increasing pesticide resistance, creating a vicious circle. , Hence, the mechanisms of wetting and impacting behavior on Citrus reticulata Blanco leaf surfaces are systematic research for optimizing the droplet properties with a common strategy to achieve effective deposition.…”