Mechanisms and byproduct formation in the application of chlorine dioxide

Abdighahroudi, Mohammad Sajjad; Jütte, Mischa; Hupperich, Katharina; Mutke, Xenia A.M.; Schmidt, Torsten; Lutze, Holger V.

doi:10.1016/bs.coac.2021.01.003

Cited by 9 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Yields of around 70% chlorite for RA and more than 80% for Pd and MPd indicate that electron transfer reactions are the primary reaction. Therefore, the source of FAC formation can be reactions such as those between different chlorine species. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of oxidation processes has significantly improved the performance of micropollutant removal in water and wastewater treatment. − Chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) is a selective oxidant capable of degrading micropollutants in water and wastewater treatment whose potential has gained attention in the recent two decades. − ClO 2 primarily reacts via electron transfer with electron-rich moieties . Thus, the removal efficiency of ClO 2 oxidation toward micropollutants depends mainly on the reactive functional group of these compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FAC is also detected to form as a secondary oxidant in ClO 2 reactions (Figure S1). ,− The intrinsically formed FAC can affect micropollutant abatement, in which it forms in reaction with the matrix or compound and can eliminate compounds with low reactivity toward ClO 2 . , Therefore, to consider the role of FAC in NCH degradation and ensure no interferences by FAC in mechanistic studies, it is necessary to know the rate constants for the reaction of FAC with NCHs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reaction of Chlorine Dioxide with Saturated Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles and Comparison with the Micropollutant Behavior in a Real Water Matrix

Abdighahroudi

Mutke

Jütte

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a very selective oxidant that reacts with electron-rich moieties such as activated amines and thus can degrade specific N-containing micropollutants. N-containing heterocycles (NCHs) are among the most frequent moieties of pharmaceuticals. In this study, the reactions of ClO2 with ritalinic acid and cetirizine, two abundant micropollutants, and model compounds representing their NCH moiety were investigated. The pH-dependent apparent reaction rates of all NCHs with ClO2 were measured and modeled. This model showed that neutral amines are the most important species having reaction rates between 800 and 3200 M–1 s–1, while cationic amines are not reactive. Ritalinic acid, cetirizine, and their representative model compounds showed a high stoichiometric ratio of ≈5 moles ClO2 consumption per degraded ritalinic acid and ≈4 moles ClO2 consumption per degraded cetirizine, respectively. Investigation of chlorine-containing byproducts of ClO2 showed that all investigated NCHs mostly react by electron transfer and form above 80% chlorite. The reactions of the model compounds were well comparable with cetirizine and ritalinic acid, indicating that the model compounds indeed represented the reaction centers of cetirizine and ritalinic acid. Using the calculated apparent reaction rate constants, micropollutant degradation during ClO2 treatment of surface water was predicted for ritalinic acid and cetirizine with −8 to −15% and 13 to −22% error, respectively. The results indicate that in ClO2-based treatment, piperidine-containing micropollutants such as ritalinic acid can be considered not degradable, while piperazine-containing compounds such as cetirizine can be moderately degraded. This shows that NCH model compounds could be used to predict micropollutant degradation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reaction of Chlorine Dioxide with Saturated Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles and Comparison with the Micropollutant Behavior in a Real Water Matrix

Abdighahroudi

Mutke

Jütte

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…22 The membrane damage could be explained by the reaction of ClO 2 with membrane proteins (note that the double bonds of lipids hardly react with ClO 2 (ref. 18)). Previous research has shown that ClO 2 reacts with specific amino acids ( e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,17 Previous studies indicated that the yield of FAC displays a very strong structure dependency. 18 While phenol yields FAC, Hupperich et al 2020 observed that the reaction of the phenol derivative vanillin with ClO 2 resulted in the formation of ≈50% ClO 2 − and ≈50% Cl − as major products, whereby no FAC was observed. 17 Yet, a mechanistic understanding of this observation is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%