Mechanism research on a bioactive resveratrol–PLA–gelatin porous nano-scaffold in promoting the repair of cartilage defect

Abstract

BackgroundArticular cartilage defects are difficult to treat, but drug-loaded tissue engineering scaffolds provide a possible treatment option for these types of injuries.PurposeIn this study, we designed a bioactive resveratrol–PLA–gelatin porous nano-scaffold using electrospinning, freeze drying, and uniform dispersion techniques to repair articular cartilage defects, and then investigated the possible mechanism behind the successful repair.MethodsWe established an articular cartilage defect rat model with a 2 mm diameter wound in the middle of the knee joint femoral condyle non-weight-bearing area, with a depth reaching the full thickness of the subchondral bone. Postmodel specimens and micro computed tomography (CT) were used to observe any macroscopic morphological changes in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone, whereas multiple staining methods were used to observe all microcosmic morphological changes. Gross scores and Mankin scores were used to evaluate the repair condition. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to detect protein expression.ResultsWhen the repair included the resveratrol–PLA–gelatin porous nano-scaffold, the repaired cartilage and subchondral bone were in better condition. The expression levels of SIRT1, type II collagen, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related proteins (AKT, VEGF, PTEN, Caspase 9, and MMP13) changed significantly. The expression levels of SIRT1,AKT and type II collagen proteins increased significantly, while the expression levels of VEGF, PTEN, Caspase9 and MMP13 proteins decreased significantly compared with the repair included blank porous PLA–gelatin nano-scaffold and without scaffold.ConclusionWe designed a bioactive resveratrol–PLA–gelatin porous nano-scaffold with better performance, which promoted the repair of cartilage injury as a whole, and explained its possible mechanism in accelerating cartilage repair via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Regulating effect of Circ_ATRNL1 on the promotion of SOX9 expression to promote chondrogenic differentiation of hAMSCs mediated by MiR‐145‐5p

“…are used to repair cartilage defects. However, if grafts do not fuse well with regeneration and subchondral bone, the treatment effect is usually poor (Yu et al, 2018).…”

<p>Enhancement of bone consolidation using high-frequency pulsed electromagnetic short-waves and titanium implants coated with biomimetic composite embedded into PLA matrix: in vivo evaluation</p>

“…In order to facilitate osseointegration of titanium implants,4–6 there have been proposed coatings, such as hydroxyapatite (HAP), collagen (COL), other extracellular matrix proteins and even autologous osteoblasts, that were suitable to enhance bone healing and regeneration 7–12. The HAP/COL composites were used on rabbits to demonstrate their ability to heal osteochondral defects,13 showing active bone tissue formation 14…”

Short-term use of resveratrol in alloplastic graft material applied with calvarial bone defects in rats

“…On the other hand, in another study on femur healing histomorphometrically and to evaluate the effects of resveratrol on negative effects of cigarette smoke showed that areas of new bone formation in the resveratrol and control groups were higher than in the smoking and smoking+resveratrol groups of rats that were given 20 mg/kg body weight resveratrol 40 . Apart from these, the effects of resveratrol cell culture models in relation to bone tissue were investigated in different studies 41 – 43 .…”