Mechanism relating cambial electrical resistance to periodic growth rate of balsam fir

Blanchard, Robert O.; Shortle, Walter C.; Davis, W. Edgar

doi:10.1139/x83-071

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Changes in electric resistance were therefore used to monitor rehydration of tree trunks. Resistance to AC of <1 kHz (or impedance) between electrodes in tree trunks varies with the amount and ion content of cell sap released by cells wounded during electrode insertion and thus reflects abundance and water status of living cells in stem tissues (Blanchard et al 1983). For avocado (Persea) and spruce (Picea), electric resistance, expressed as percent of the speciesspecific maximum, was found to be highly correlated with ~leaf (Dixon et al 1978).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of rehydration and bud break by irrigation or rain in decidous trees of a tropical dry forest in Costa Rica

Borchert

1994

Trees

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Summary.Clusters of 2-4 bare, deciduous hardwood trees and woody vines in a dry upland forest in Costa Rica were surrounded by scaffolding and rehydration was induced during the dry season by irrigation of 9-50 m 2 plots with 200 mm water. The resulting changes in water status preceding bud break were monitored. Following irrigation, stem water potentials increased from < -4 MPa to about -1.5 MPa within 24 h and to > -0.3 MPa within 48 h. Rehydration of stem tissues by lateral transport, measured as an increase in electric conductivity, continued for 4-8 days. Terminal flower buds in Tabebuia ochracea began to expand 48 h after irrigation and trees were in full bloom 4 days later. In all experimental species, lateral vegetative buds began to expand 5-7 days after irrigation and leaves were fully expanded 2 weeks later. After the first rains of the rainy season (100 mm in 48 hr) all trees in the dry forest rehydrated and leaves emerged in synchrony slightly faster than after irrigation. In response to rain or irrigation drought-stressed tropical hardwood trees thus rehydrated at rates similar to those of desert succulents and their development resumed much faster than that of deciduous cold-temperate trees in spring.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of rehydration and bud break by irrigation or rain in decidous trees of a tropical dry forest in Costa Rica

Borchert

1994

Trees

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“…CER measurements in balsam fir showed that trees with a CER of 9 kΩ or less grew three times faster than trees with a CER of 13 kΩ (Davis et al 1980). Subsequent work with balsam fir indicated that CER was related to the width or number of vascular cambial cells in the current growth ring (Smith et al 1984) and the concentration of mobile ions, principally K in the cambial zone (Blanchard et al 1983) CER also reflected the beneficial effects of liming on foliar-and soil-element content. Lower CER occurred in trees with higher foliar concentrations of Ca and Mg and lower levels of Al and Mn growing in the limed plots.…”

Section: Cambial Electrical Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring changes in stress and vitality indicators in limed sugar maple on the Allegheny Plateau in north-central Pennsylvania

Wargo¹,

Minocha²,

Wong³

et al. 2002

Can. J. For. Res.

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A study established in 1985 in north-central Pennsylvania to determine effects of lime fertilization on declining sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) was evaluated in 1993 and showed that liming positively affected growth and crown vitality in sugar maple. This effect of lime on sugar maple offered an opportunity to assess other indicators of tree vitality and their response to lime additions. Foliar polyamines, starch and soluble sugars in root tissues, and cambial electrical resistance (CER) at breast height were evaluated. Foliar putrescine, soluble sugars, and CER decreased, while starch increased in lime-treated trees. Changes in these indicators were correlated with tree growth and crown vitality, which improved in limed plots. However, they were more highly correlated with lime-induced changes in foliar and soil elements and soil pH. Putrescine, soluble sugars, and CER decreased and starch increased, as Ca and Mg and molar ratios of Ca/Al and Mg/Mn increased and as Al and Mn decreased in both soil and foliage, and as soil pH increased. Results showed the beneficial effect of lime on tree vitality that was not reflected in visual assessments of crown vitality and demonstrated the potential utility of these physiological and biochemical measures as indicators of vitality in sugar maple.Résumé : Une étude établie en 1985 dans le centre-nord de la Pennsylvanie pour déterminer les effets du chaulage sur le dépérissement de l'érable à sucre (Acer saccharum Marsh.) a été évaluée en 1993 et a montré que le chaulage avait un effet positif sur la croissance et la vitalité de la cime chez l'érable à sucre. L'effet du chaulage sur l'érable à sucre offrait une opportunité pour évaluer d'autres indicateurs de la vitalité des arbres et de leur réaction à l'addition de chaux. Les polyamines foliaires, l'amidon et les sucres solubles des tissus racinaires ainsi que la résistance électrique cambiale (REC) à hauteur de poitrine ont été évalués. La putrescine foliaire, les sucres solubles et la REC ont diminué tandis que l'amidon a augmenté chez les arbres traités à la chaux. Les changements dans ces indicateurs sont corrélés à la croissance des arbres et à la vitalité de la cime qui se sont améliorées dans les parcelles chaulées. Cependant, ils sont davantage corrélés aux changements dus à l'effet du chaulage sur les éléments minéraux dans les feuilles et le sol et sur le pH du sol. La putrescine, les sucres solubles et la REC ont diminué et l'amidon a augmenté avec l'augmentation du Ca, du Mg et du ratio molaire de Ca/Al et de Mg/Mn, la diminution de Al et de Mn dans le sol et le feuillage et l'augmentation du pH dans le sol. Les résultats montrent que l'effet bénéfique du chaulage sur la vitalité de la cime ne se reflétait pas dans l'évaluation visuelle de la vitalité de la cime. Ils démontrent également l'utilité potentielle de ces mesures physiologiques et biochimiques comme indicateurs de vitalité chez l'érable à sucre.[Traduit par la Rédaction] Wargo et al. 641

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“…Electric resistance to AC of <1 kHz (or impedance) between electrodes in tree trunks varies with the amount and ion content of cell sap released by cells wounded during electrode insertion and hence with abundance and water status of living cells in stem tissues (Blanchard et al 1983). For avocado (Persea) and spruce (Picea), electric resistance, expressed as percent of the species-specific maximum, was found to be highly correlated with ~Jleaf (Dixon et al 1978).…”

Section: Measurement Of Tree Water Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water status and development of tropical trees during seasonal drought

Borchert

1994

Trees

140

106

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Summary. Bud break, shoot growth and flowering of trees involve cell expansion, known to be inhibited by moderate water deficits. In apparent contradiction to physiological theory, many trees flower or exchange leaves during the 6 month-long, severe dry season in the tropical dry forest of Guanacaste, Costa Rica. To explore this paradox, changes in tree water status during the dry season were monitored in numerous trees. Water potential of stem tissues (tlJstem) was obtained by a modification of the pressure chamber technique, in which xylem tension was released by cutting defoliated branch samples at both ends. During the early dry season twigs bearing old, senescent leaves generally had a low leaf water potential (Wleaf), while tIJstem varied with water availability. At dry sites, Wstem was very low in hardwood trees (<-4 MPa), but near saturation (>-0.2 MPa) in lightwood trees storing water with osmotic potentials between -0.8 and -2.1 MPa. At moist sites trees bearing old leaves rehydrated during drought; their Wstem increased from low values (<-3 MPa) to near saturation, resulting in differences of 3-4 MPa between Wstem and ~dleaf. Indirect evidence indicates that rehydration resulted from osmotic adjustment of stem tissues and improved water availability due to extension of roots into moist subsoil layers. In confirmation of physiological theory, elimination of xylem tension by leaf shedding and establishment of a high solute content and high ~Fstem were prerequisites for flowering and bud break during drought.

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Mechanism relating cambial electrical resistance to periodic growth rate of balsam fir

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Induction of rehydration and bud break by irrigation or rain in decidous trees of a tropical dry forest in Costa Rica

Induction of rehydration and bud break by irrigation or rain in decidous trees of a tropical dry forest in Costa Rica

Measuring changes in stress and vitality indicators in limed sugar maple on the Allegheny Plateau in north-central Pennsylvania

Water status and development of tropical trees during seasonal drought

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