Mechanism of Yinqin Oral Liquid in the Treatment of Chronic Pharyngitis Based on Network Pharmacology

Abstract

Background: Yinqin oral liquid (YOL) has curative effect for upper respiratory tract infections, especially for chronic pharyngitis (CP). Since the traditional Chinese herbal formulae are complicated, the pharmacological mechanism of YOL remains unclear. The aim of this work was to explore the active ingredients and mechanisms of YOL against CP. Methods: First, the profile of putative target of YOL was predicted based on structural and functional similarities of all available YOL components, which were obtained from the Drug Bank database, to the known drugs using TCMSP. The chemical constituents and targets of honeysuckle, scutellaria, bupleurum and cicada were searched by TCMSP, CTD, GeneCards and other databases were used to query the CP-related genes, which were searched by UniProt database. Thereafter, the interactions network between compounds and overlapping genes was constructed, visualized, and analyzed by Cytoscape software. Finally, pathway enrichment analysis of overlapping genes was carried out on Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) platform. Results:The pathway enrichment analysis showed 55 compounds and 113 corresponding targets in the compound-target network, and the key targets involved PTGS1, ESR2, GSK3β, NCOA2, ESR1. The PPI core network contained 30 proteins, including VEGFA, IL6, ESR1, RELA and HIF1A. A total of 148 GO items were obtained (p<0.05), 102 entries on biological process (BP), 34 entries on biological process (BP) and 12 entries on cell composition (CC) were included. A total of 46 signaling pathways were obtained by KEGG pathway enrichment screening (p<0.05), involving cancer, PI3K-AKT, hepatitis, proteoglycans, p53, HIF-1 signaling pathways. Conclusion: These results collectively indicate YOL (including the main ingredients luteolin and baicalein) as a highly effective therapeutic agent for anti-inflammation, through the NF-kB pathway.

Exploration of Potential Targets and Mechanisms of Fisetin in the Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma via Network Pharmacology and In Vitro Validation

“…Among them, OB ≥ 30 and DL ≥ 0.18 were used as the criteria for screening bioactive components in other studies [ 16 , 17 ]. The pharmacokinetic parameters of Fisetin basically met this standard.…”

Predicting and Validating the Mechanism of Qingyi II Granules in the Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis by Network Pharmacology

“…The chemical name and number shall be unified, and the duplicate numerator shall be deleted. By limiting the bioavailability of chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine (OB ≥ 30%) and the drug similarity (DL ≥ 0.18), [ 22 , 23 ] combined with the literature review, the active components in the Qingyi II granule compound were screened.…”

Efficacy of botanical lozenges in the treatment of chronic pharyngitis: a randomized controlled trial

“…Currently, oral antibiotics are the first line of treatment for pharyngitis. When antibiotics are ineffective, oral or inhaled hormone preparations are added to treat pharyngitis ( Ji et al, 2021 ). However, this therapeutic approach has some disadvantages, including its narrow therapeutic spectrum, high recurrence rate, and poor tolerance ( Ji et al, 2021 ).…”

“…When antibiotics are ineffective, oral or inhaled hormone preparations are added to treat pharyngitis ( Ji et al, 2021 ). However, this therapeutic approach has some disadvantages, including its narrow therapeutic spectrum, high recurrence rate, and poor tolerance ( Ji et al, 2021 ). Prolonged use of antibiotics can cause side effects, such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, rash, and drug resistance ( van Driel et al, 2010 ).…”