Mechanism of thermal generation of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) from poly(p-xylene-α-dimethylsulphonium halides)

Montaudo, Giorgio; Vitalini, Daniele; Lenz, Robert W.

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(87)90237-0

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The most extensive studies of the elimination steps were carried out in the years 1986-87, from polymers prepared using dimethylsulfide as a starting material in the monomer synthesis. Two side reactions have been depicted [4]. First, a methyl sulfide side group is formed as an intermediate in the elimination process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal elimination reaction in polyparaphenylene vinylene synthesis from the soluble sulfonium salt precursor route

Massardier¹,

Hoang²,

Guyot³

1994

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The thermal conversion of poly (p-xylyidene tetrahydrothiophenium) chloride into polyparaphenylene vinylene has been studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-lR), thermogravimety, and HCI and tetrahydrothiophene analyses, in the temperature range 20-250°C. Using this system, almost complete elimination can be obtained after only 2 hr heating at 180°C. A side reaction, with the transient formation of C-Cl bond is observed during the heat treatment. After doping with oleum, a stable conductivity is obtained that is not very sensitive to the elimination temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal elimination reaction in polyparaphenylene vinylene synthesis from the soluble sulfonium salt precursor route

Massardier¹,

Hoang²,

Guyot³

1994

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…MAS-NMR Spectroscopy: The spectra were obtained at 298 K using a Bruker Avance II 600 spectrometer, with a SB Bruker 4 mm MAS double-tuned probe operating at 600.33 MHz for 1 H and 119.26 MHz for 29 Si and a SB Bruker 3.2 mm MAS triple-tuned probe operating at 600.33 MHz for 1 H and 150.97 MHz for 13 C. Chemical shifts are referenced to tetramethylsilane (TMS) using glycine and 4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentane-1-sulfonic acid (DSS) as an intermediate standard for 13 C and 29 Si NMR respectively. The samples were spun at 12.5 kHz for 29 Si NMR spectra and 20 kHz for 13 C NMR spectra.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cross-polarization spectra were collected with a Hartmann-Hahn match at 62.5 kHz and 100 kHz 1 H decoupling. The recycle delay was 2 s. The contact time was 6000 ms for 13 C NMR, and 14000 ms for 29 Si NMR.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Optical Properties and Opaline Self‐Assembly of PPV Encapsulated in Mesoporous Silica Spheres

Kelly

Yamada

Schneider

et al. 2009

Adv Funct Materials

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A new poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) (PPV) composite material has been developed by the incorporation of insoluble PPV polymer chains in the pores of monodisperse mesoporous silica spheres through an ion‐exchange and in situ polymerization method. The polymer distribution within the resultant colloidal particles is characterized by electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis, powder X‐ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption. It was found that the polymer was selectively incorporated into the mesopores of the silica host and was well distributed throughout the body of the particles. This confinement of the polymer influences the optical properties of the composite; these were examined by UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and time‐correlated single‐photon counting. The results show a material that exhibits an extremely high fluorescence quantum yield (approaching 85%), and an improved resistance to oxidative photobleaching compared to PPV. These enhanced optical properties are further complemented by the overall processability of the colloidal material. In marked contrast to the insolubility of PPV, the material can be processed as a stable colloidal dispersion, and the individual composite spheres can be self‐assembled into opaline films using the vertical deposition method. The bandgap of the opal can be engineered to overlap with the emission band of the polymer, which has significant ramifications for lasing.

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“…The reaction is a two-step process: the first step occurs around 100ЊC via the loss of water and tetrahydrothiophene (THT) while the second, near 200ЊC, is associated with the loss of halogen species and residual THT [9]. The temperature at which full conversion occurs has been studied by thermogravimetric [13] or optical measurements [14] but different values were reported. Determining the exact con-version temperature is particularly important for economic reasons since the cost of mass production depends mostly on the energy consumed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Thermal conversion of poly(paraphenylene-vinylene) precursor films: XPS and ESR studies

Nguyen

Rendu

Tran³

et al. 1998

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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The conversion of the precursor into poly(phenylene–vinylene) (PPV) was studied by means of photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron spin resonance (ESR) on precursor films synthesized from the polymerization of pxylene‐tetrahydrophenium halides. The sulfonium precursor containing chlorine or bromine was thermally converted to PPV and analyzed in situ using the spectrometers. It was found by XPS analysis that both halide precursors were thermally converted into polymer in a range of 190–250°C but traces of bromine were still present at >300 °C in the precursor containing Br. Furthermore, a small amount of oxygen in a ketone structure was also present in fully converted films. The ESR results corroborated the XPS experiments, showing a progressive disappearance of the radical distribution related to sulfur sites in a comparable temperature range. A discussion of the conversion process is given in terms of the modification of the core level spectra from XPS and the g distributions from ESR experiments. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Mechanism of thermal generation of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) from poly(p-xylene-α-dimethylsulphonium halides)

Cited by 36 publications

References 3 publications

Thermal elimination reaction in polyparaphenylene vinylene synthesis from the soluble sulfonium salt precursor route

Thermal elimination reaction in polyparaphenylene vinylene synthesis from the soluble sulfonium salt precursor route

Enhanced Optical Properties and Opaline Self‐Assembly of PPV Encapsulated in Mesoporous Silica Spheres

Thermal conversion of poly(paraphenylene-vinylene) precursor films: XPS and ESR studies

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