Mechanism of the fungal-like particles in the inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Abstract

The dynamic ability of adipocytes in adipose tissue to store lipid in response to changes in the nutritional input and inflammatory elicitors has a major impact on human health. Previously, we established laminarin-coated beads or LCB as an inflammatory elicitor for adipocytes. However, it was not clear whether LCB inhibits lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Here, we show that LCB acts in the early stage of adipogenesis through both interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAK) and spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) pathways, resulting in the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) complexes, which subsequently cause cell cycle arrest, downregulation of the key transcription factors and enzymes responsible for adipogenesis, inhibition of adipogenesis, and stimulation of an inflammatory response. While LCB could effectively block lipid accumulation during the early stage of adipogenesis, it could stimulate an inflammatory response at any stage of differentiation. Additionally, our results raise a possibility that toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and C-type lectin domain family 7 member A (CLEC7A/Dectin-1) might be potential β-glucan receptors on the fat cells. Together, we present the mechanism of LCB, as fungal-like particles, that elicits an inflammatory response and inhibits adipogenesis at the early stage of differentiation.

Development of Oral In Situ Gelling Liquid Formulations of Garcinia Extract for Treating Obesity

“…Oil Red O staining ( Figure 7 a) revealed that preadipocytes (negative control) do not show lipid accumulation while differentiated cells or mature adipocytes (positive control) exhibited intense staining due to lipid presence. Exposure of preadipocytes to test samples (garcinia extract, HCA standard, G7 formulation, and G7 blank) resulted in lipid accumulation as revealed by Oil Red O staining [ 35 ]. Quantification of lipid presence by UV absorbance measurements showed that garcinia extracts at 50 μg/mL dose significantly reduced lipid accumulation by 3T3-L1 adipocytes to around 35% compared with the control ( Figure 7 b).…”

Antiadipogenic Effect of Citrus Flavonoids: Evidence from RNA Sequencing Analysis and Activation of AMPK in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

“…As previously described, , cells were washed with PBS, followed by fixation in formaldehyde. They were then subjected to Oil Red O staining.…”