Mechanism of the Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation and the Antihypertensive Effect of Brazilian Red wine

Abstract

The mechanisms involved in the cardioprotector effect of red wine have not yet been completely elucidated but probably an endothelium-dependent vasodilator action may play a significant role in this effect. Experiments were undertaken to determine whether a Brazilian red wine (BRW) induces vasodilation in the mesenteric vascular bed (MVB) and an antihypertensive effect was also assessed in rats with NO-deficient hypertension. In MVB precontracted with norepinephrine, BRW (alcohol-free lyophilized) induces a long-lasting endothelium-dependent vasodilation that is not reduced by indomethacin. Inhibition of NO-synthase by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and guanylyl cyclase by 1H-[1,2,3] oxadiazolo [4,4-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) reduces the vasodilator effect of BRW. In vessels precontracted with norepinephrine and depolarized with KCl (25 Mm) or treated with Ca-dependent K channel blockers charybdotoxin (ChTx) plus apamin, the effect of BRW was significantly reduced. However, this effect is not affected by ATP-dependent K (KATP) channel blocker (glibenclamide). The residual vasodilator effect of BRW observed in vessels pretreated with ChTx plus apamin is completely abolished by ChTx plus apamin plus L-NAME. Concentrations of atropine, pyrilamine, yohimbine, and HOE 140 that significantly reduced the vasodilator effect of acetylcholine, histamine, clonidine, and bradykinin, respectively did not change the vasodilator effect of BRW. Chronic oral administration of BRW induced a significant reduction in systolic, mean and diastolic arterial pressure in rats with L-NAME hypertension. The present results demonstrated that vasodilator effect of BRW is dependent on endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in combination with nitric oxide (NO). The antihypertensive effect of red wine demonstrated in the present study may play a significant role on the cardioprotective action of chronic red wine consumption.

eNOS Activation Induced by a Polyphenol-Rich Grape Skin Extract in Porcine Coronary Arteries

“…However, since the addition of charybdotoxin plus apamin to L -NA further reduced relaxations to GSE, EDHF is also involved to some extent. The present findings are in agreement with previous ones indicating that GSE caused vasodilatation in the perfused rat mesenteric arterial bed by increasing the formation of NO and EDHF [17, 18]. Besides grape skin extracts, other grape-derived products, including red wine, red wine extracts, grape juices and grape seed extracts, have also been shown to cause endothelium-dependent relaxations involving NO and EDHF [9, 10, 13, 28, 29].…”

“…Recently, we have shown that chronic intake of the polyphenols contained in an alcohol-free lyophilized Brazilian red wine or in an alcohol-free grape skin extract (GSE) from Vitis labrusca reduced systolic, mean and diastolic arterial pressure in several experimental models of hypertension [16, 17]. Both types of extracts also caused endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the perfused rat mesenteric vascular bed by increasing the endothelial formation of both NO and EDHF [16,17,18].…”

“…Both types of extracts also caused endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the perfused rat mesenteric vascular bed by increasing the endothelial formation of both NO and EDHF [16,17,18]. The aim of the present study was to characterize the signaling pathway leading to the enhanced endothelial formation of NO in response to GSE using isolated coronary arteries and cultured coronary artery endothelial cells.…”

Effects of an Extract Obtained From Fruits of Euterpe oleracea Mart. in the Components of Metabolic Syndrome Induced in C57BL/6J Mice Fed a High-fat Diet

“…[3][4][5][6] Many evidences suggest that diet rich in polyphenols might be involved in protection against cardiovascular risk. 7 This beneficial effect of polyphenols may be due to many actions as antioxidant 8 that increases bioavailability of nitric oxide, vasodilation, 9 or antihypertensive 10 properties. In addition, recent results from our group demonstrated that ac xaí seed extract (ASE) as ac xaí skin extract have a potent endothelium-dependent vasodilator effect 11 and antihypertensive action.…”

Antioxidant and Antihypertensive Effects of a Chemically Defined Fraction of Syrah Red Wine on Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

“…One of the hallmarks of the hypertensive pathophysiological process is endothelium dysfunction provoked by excessive reactive oxygen species production and vascular inflammation [54]. Although numerous studies indicate that red wine and polyphenols present in wine induce an endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effects [55,56,57], our results have shown that Fr 2 SySFV at concentrations of 0.01–1000 µg/mL induced concentration-dependent relaxation of isolated rat superior mesenteric rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine, an effect which was not attenuated by removal of ring endothelium. In a previous study with a lyophilized red wine from SFV, Luciano et al (2011) [25] demonstrated the vasorelaxant activity of the wine was significantly attenuated by endothelium removal.…”