Mechanism of the action of palladium in reducing chloride interference in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Direct electrothermal atomic spectrometric determination of Ag in aqua regia extracts of soils, sediments, and sewage sludge with matrix modification

“…Palladium was chosen according to its ability to stabilize analytes to higher temperatures (Qiao et al 1993). It was pipetted onto the platform and dried (see Table 1) before the sample solution was introduced in order to prevent intercalation of the chloride matrix into the platform and thus to decrease the interference effect and achieve a higher stabilization power of the modifier.…”

“…The matrix of samples prepared by aqua regia extraction must be considered difficult for ETAAS, especially due to the high chloride content (Castro et al 2004;Qiao et al 1993). In the presence of chlorides, losses of Ag due to the formation of AgCl and its vaporization before atomization or its incomplete dissociation in the gas phase were observed (Filatova et al 2006).…”

The Interference Effect of a Mixture of Magnesium, Aluminium, Sulfate and Chloride on the Atomization and Vaporization of Manganese in Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The thermal behavior of any chosen interferent in the atomizer, including its gas and condensed-phase interactions with an analyte, has been also investigated using various experimental procedures and additional supplementary techniques. 9,[13][14][15] The rate of interferences depends on the construction of the atomizer, applied time-temperature program and many other experimental parameters.…”

Thermal stability and spatial distribution of sodium chloride alone and in the presence of several metal salts on a graphite platform

“…[34][35][36] Nonetheless, the method of choice has routinely been the addition of chemical modifiers. [37][38][39][40] Many chemical modifiers have been selected for this purpose, palladium and magnesium being the most largely used, [41][42][43][44][45][46][47] although often in combination with other species, such as ammonium phosphate, 44,46,47 nickel 47 and sodium azide. 48 In general, ammonium salts were used as a chemical modifier to assist vaporisation of the chloride matrix.…”