Mechanism of sulfur emission quenching in flame photometric detectors

Kalontarov, L. I.; Jing, Hongwu; Amirav, Aviv; Cheskis, Sergey

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(94)01273-h

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Disadvantages of the FPD include its nonlinear (exponential) response (to sulfur compounds) and compound-specific response characteristics. Its application in the determination of sulfur-containing compounds is also biased by the sulfur emission quenching of coeluting nonsulfur organic compounds ( and references therein). The pulsed flame photometric detector (PFPD), characterized by the addition of time dependence information of pulsed flame emission, has shown certain advantages over the FPD ( and references therein).…”

Section: Comparison Of Analytical Performance Among Different Gc-base...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Methods for the Determination of Reduced Sulfur Compounds (RSCs) in Air

Pandey

Kim

2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

131

101

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The importance of reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs) in air is well-known for its significant effect on global atmospheric chemistry and malodor and quality of life. In this review, methodological approaches commonly employed for the analysis of RSCs such as hydrogen sulfide, methane thiol, dimethyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and dimethyl disulfide in air are described. To this end, we focus on gas chromatography (GC) because it is the most feasible, frequently used, and widely accepted approach for the analysis of RSC in air. The advantages and possible limitations related to sampling and/or preconcentration methods are also discussed. The relative performance of different GC-based detection methodologies is evaluated in terms of basic quality assurance. Some alternative methods (i.e., other than GC) that deal with the determination of RSCs in air matrices are also discussed briefly. Finally, this review addresses the methodological developments of RSC analysis by highlighting current limitations and future developments.

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Section: Comparison Of Analytical Performance Among Different Gc-base...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Methods for the Determination of Reduced Sulfur Compounds (RSCs) in Air

Pandey

Kim

2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

131

101

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“…Perhaps most seriously, analyte chemiluminescence in the FPD is severely quenched in the presence of even moderate amounts of coeluting hydrocarbons. − As such, this can greatly complicate the analysis of complex samples, since the complete separation of analytes from all matrix components is often impractical. Although the mechanism for this response quenching is still not fully established, several possibilities have been suggested. − Nonetheless, the resulting FPD signal erosion observed can present serious problems for the analyst.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the various kindred FPD devices reported over the years, occasionally those based upon unconventional combustion dynamics, such as the pulsed-FPD , and the reactive flow detector, have been demonstrated to reduce the impact of hydrocarbon quenching. Perhaps the most widely investigated device in this regard is the dual flame FPD (dFPD), − which is based upon two flames placed in series.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quenching-Resistant Multiple Micro-Flame Photometric Detector for Gas Chromatography

Hayward

Thurbide

2009

Anal. Chem.

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A multiple flame photometric detector (mFPD) based on many flames operated in series is introduced for the detection of sulfur and phosphorus compounds. The method employs attributes of a previously developed micro counter-current flame technique to readily establish any number of very small compact flames inside a narrow quartz tube. Results show for the first time that a five flame mFPD mode can improve hydrocarbon quenching resistance nearly 20-fold relative to a single flame (i.e., conventional FPD) mode, and nearly 10-fold relative to a two flame (i.e., dual FPD) mode. Under these conditions, the five flame mFPD mode is shown to maintain about 60% of its original analyte chemiluminescence even in the presence of over 100 mL/min of methane flow into the detector. In contrast to a conventional dual FPD device, the five flame mFPD mode also provides analyte sensitivity that is similar to a conventional FPD. Of note, the mFPD yields minimum detectable limits for sulfur and phosphorus of 4 x 10(-11) g S/s and 3 x 10(-12) g P/s respectively. Analyte selectivity over hydrocarbons, signal reproducibility, and response equimolarity are also improved in the mFPD, making it a potentially useful detector for applications in gas chromatography.

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“…One group of materials that should be considered is fuels such as kerosene, diesel, and gasoline. , Fuels contain a variety of hydrocarbons that potentially coelute with target analytes and quench emission from the light-emitting species (S 2 * and POH*). Quenching of the emission from OS, OP, and other compounds has been studied in the past in conventional FPD , and also in μcc-FPD (using oxygen). , Fuels also contain OS compounds; as a result, false positive alarms are also a concern . Figure shows a chromatogram obtained with a narrow-bore column coupled to the miniature μcc-FPD when injecting 0.14−0.6 ng of OP and 48 ng of BT together with 7000 ng of gasoline.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast Gas Chromatographic Separation of Organophosphor and Organosulfur Compounds Utilizing a Microcountercurrent Flame Photometric Detector

et al. 2006

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A microcountercurrent flame photometric detector (microcc-FPD) was adapted and optimized for ultrafast gas chromatographic (GC) separation and detection of organophosphor (OP) and organosulfur (OS) compounds on short chromatographic columns. Air and hydrogen are introduced to the microcc-FPD from opposite directions, creating a hydrogen-rich flame. In this microcc-FPD, combustion takes place between the burner tips without touching them. The separation between the tips and the flame reduces heat loss from the flame to the surrounding environment, resulting in low hydrogen consumption and a compact flame. The microcc-FPD is capable of detecting very narrow (13 ms) chromatographic peaks. An ultrafast GC separation of a group of six OP and OS compounds is achieved within less than 5 s using fast temperature programming of a 0.5-m-long microbore column. Very fast separations are also demonstrated on a 1-m-long microfabricated column consisting of 150-microm-wide, 240-microm-deep channels, etched in a 1.9-cm square silicon chip, covered with a Pyrex wafer, and statically coated with dimethyl polysiloxane. With a hydrogen flow rate of 10 mL/min, the detection limit for OP is 12 pg of P/s and 3 ng of S/s for OS compounds at a signal-to-noise ratio of 2. The coupling of a microfabricated column and a miniature FPD is an important step toward the development of a miniaturized GC-FPD capable of ultrafast detection of low levels of OP and OS compounds.

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Mechanism of sulfur emission quenching in flame photometric detectors

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

A Review of Methods for the Determination of Reduced Sulfur Compounds (RSCs) in Air

A Review of Methods for the Determination of Reduced Sulfur Compounds (RSCs) in Air

Quenching-Resistant Multiple Micro-Flame Photometric Detector for Gas Chromatography

Ultrafast Gas Chromatographic Separation of Organophosphor and Organosulfur Compounds Utilizing a Microcountercurrent Flame Photometric Detector

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