Mechanism of short-term ERK activation by electromagnetic fields at mobile phone frequencies

Friedman, Joseph H.; Kraus, Sarah; Hauptman, Yirmi; Schiff, Yoni; Seger, Rony

doi:10.1042/bj20061653

Cited by 241 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(63 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

177

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Phosphorylation of JNK1/2 was detected at Figure 1D), while p38 activation was not detected ( Figure 1E). Recently, it was reported that ERK was activated within 5 min of the radiation, with the peak activity occurring within 10-15 min, whereas no phosphorylation of JNKs or p38 was detected within a short time of exposure [12]. Our results with human LECs are consistent with that study.…”

Section: Dear Editorsupporting

confidence: 83%

Effects of exposure to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency field on the expression of Hsps and phosphorylation of MAPKs in human lens epithelial cells

Yao

et al. 2008

Cell Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Dear Editorsupporting

confidence: 83%

Effects of exposure to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency field on the expression of Hsps and phosphorylation of MAPKs in human lens epithelial cells

Yao

et al. 2008

Cell Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…However, biological agents are impeded by membranes and require special mechanisms to gain access to the cell interior. Friedman et al [23] have demonstrated that the initial step in transmitting extracellular information from the plasma membrane to the nucleus of the cell occurs when NADH oxidase rapidly generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS stimulate matrix metalloproteinases that allow them to cleave and release heparin binding epidermal growth factor.…”

Section: Emf Interaction With Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic fields stress living cells

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electromagnetic fields (EMF), in both ELF (extremely low frequency) and radio frequency (RF) ranges, activate the cellular stress response, a protective mechanism that induces the expression of stress response genes, e.g., HSP70, and increased levels of stress proteins, e.g., hsp70. The 20 different stress protein families are evolutionarily conserved and act as 'chaperones' in the cell when they 'help' repair and refold damaged proteins and transport them across cell membranes. Induction of the stress response involves activation of DNA, and despite the large difference in energy between ELF and RF, the same cellular pathways respond in both frequency ranges. Specific DNA sequences on the promoter of the HSP70 stress gene are responsive to EMF, and studies with model biochemical systems suggest that EMF could interact directly with electrons in DNA. While low energy EMF interacts with DNA to induce the stress response, increasing EMF energy in the RF range can lead to breaks in DNA strands. It is clear that in order to protect living cells, EMF safety limits must be changed from the current thermal standard, based on energy, to one based on biological responses that occur long before the threshold for thermal changes. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: DNA; Biosynthesis; Electromagnetic fields; ELF; RF Electromagnetic fields (EMF) alter protein synthesisUntil recently, genetic information stored in DNA was considered essentially invulnerable to change as it was passed on from parent to progeny. Mutations, such as those caused by cosmic radiation at the most energetic end of the EM spectrum, were thought to be relatively infrequent. The model of gene regulation was believed to be that the negatively charged DNA was tightly wrapped up in the nucleus with positively charged histones, and that most genes were 'turned off' most of the time. Of course, different regions of the DNA code are being read more or less all the time to replenish essential Abbreviations: EMF, electromagnetic fields; Hz, hertz; ELF, extremely low frequency; RF, radio frequency; MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase; ERK1\2, extracellular signal regulated kinase; JNK, c-Jun-terminal kinase p38MAPK; SAPK, stress activated protein kinase; NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase; ROS, reactive oxygen species.* Corresponding author at: Department of Physiology, Columbia Univer- proteins that have broken down and those needed during cell division. New insights into the structure and function of DNA have resulted from numerous, well-done laboratory studies. The demonstration that EMF induces gene expression and the synthesis of specific proteins [1,2] generated considerable controversy from power companies, government agencies, physicists, and most recently, cell phone companies. Physicists have insisted that the reported results were not possible because there was not enough energy in the power frequency range (ELF) to activate DNA. They were thinking solely of mechanical interaction with a large molec...

show abstract

“…A number of studies have been conducted to elucidate the mechanism by which the ELF-MF affects the production of O 2 -in the cell. For example, it has been demonstrated that an exposure of Hela cells to electromagnetic field (875 MHz) only for a few minutes increased reactive oxygen species (Friedman et al, 2007). This has been attributed to an increase in the NADH oxidase activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 50-Hz Sinusoidal Magnetic Field on the Production of Superoxide Anion and the Expression of Heat-shock Protein 70 in RAW264 Cells

Pooam¹,

Nakayama²,

Nishigaki³

et al. 2017

IJC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is a growing concern if the power-line frequency (50/60 Hz) magnetic field (termed in this paper ELF-MF) increases cancer risks. Since one of the major causes of cancer is cellular oxidative stress, whether the ELF-MF increases the oxidative stress is a central problem in the studies on the biological effect of the ELF-MF. Here, we have investigated the effect of 50-Hz sinusoidal magnetic field on the production of O 2 -, the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and the mitochondrial membrane potential in cell line macrophage RAW264 cells. Macrophages were exposed to or not exposed to 0.1-mT or 0.5-mT, 50-Hz sinusoidal magnetic field and were subjected to (1) assay for O 2 -(2) analysis of the expression of HSP70, and (3) measurement of the mitochondrial membrane potential with a fluorescent indicator. The 50-Hz magnetic field enhanced production of O 2 -and the expression of HSP70, both of which are consistent with previous studies. The exposure to 50-Hz magnetic field decreased mitochondrial membrane potential indicating the diminished activity of mitochondria. The uncoupler of mitochondrial function, carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone diminished the membrane potential, as expected. On the other hand, it increased the production of O 2 -. The results collectively suggest that the 50-Hz magnetic field diminished the mitochondrial membrane potential, which led to the increase in the production of O 2 -and the expression of HSP70 protein.

show abstract

Mechanism of short-term ERK activation by electromagnetic fields at mobile phone frequencies

Cited by 241 publications

References 47 publications

Effects of exposure to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency field on the expression of Hsps and phosphorylation of MAPKs in human lens epithelial cells

Effects of exposure to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency field on the expression of Hsps and phosphorylation of MAPKs in human lens epithelial cells

Electromagnetic fields stress living cells

Effect of 50-Hz Sinusoidal Magnetic Field on the Production of Superoxide Anion and the Expression of Heat-shock Protein 70 in RAW264 Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About