A rare example of a stable metallabenzene complex has been
synthesized in three
high-yield steps from (Cl)Ir(PEt3)3.
In the first step, (Cl)Ir(PEt3)3
is treated with potassium
2,4-dimethylpentadienide to produce the metallacyclohexadiene complex
mer-CHC(Me)CHC(Me)CH2Ir(PEt3)3(H)
(1b) via metal-centered CH bond activation.
Treatment of
1b with methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate removes the hydride
ligand, producing
[CHC(Me)CHC(Me)CH2Ir(PEt3)3]+O3SCF3
-
(2). Finally, deprotonation of 2 with
base
yields the metallabenzene complex
CHC(Me)CHC(Me)CHIr(PEt3)3
(3). The X-ray
crystal structure of 3 shows the coordination geometry about
iridium to be square pyramidal.
The metallabenzene ring is nearly planar, and the ring π-bonding
is delocalized. In the 1H
NMR spectrum of 3, the ring protons (H1/H5 and H3) are
shifted downfield, consistent with
the presence of an aromatic ring current. Compound 3
reacts with a variety of small 2e-
ligands under mild conditions to produce monosubstituted
metallabenzenes, CHC(Me)CHC(Me)CHIr(PEt3)2L
(4a, L = PMe3; 4b, L =
P(OMe)3; 4c, L = CO), in which the
unique
ligand L resides preferentially in a basal coordination site.
Under more forcing conditions,
additional PEt3 ligand replacements are observed. For
example, treatment of 3 with 2 equiv
of PMe3 or P(OMe)3 in toluene under reflux
produces
CHC(Me)CHC(Me)CHIr(PEt3)L2
(5a, L = PMe3; 5b, L =
P(OMe)3). Treatment of 3 with excess
PMe3 in toluene under reflux
produces the tris-PMe3 substitution product (6),
while similar treatment with excess CO
leads to carbonyl insertion and CC coupling, ultimately yielding
(3,5-dimethylphenoxy)Ir(PEt3)2(CO) (7).
Treatment of compound 3 with I2,
Br2, or Ag+/NCMe results in
oxidation,
and the production of octahedral Ir(III) complexes (8a,
8b, and 9, respectively) in which
the
metallabenzene ring is retained. Compound 3 undergoes 4
+ 2 cycloaddition reactions with
electron-poor substrates, including O2, nitrosobenzene,
maleic anhydride, CS2, and SO2.
In
each case, the cycloaddition substrate adds across iridium and C3 of
the metallabenzene
ring, producing octahedral products (10−14,
respectively) with boat- shaped 1-iridacyclohexa-2,5-diene rings. In contrast, treatment of 3 with
CO2 leads to a 2 + 2 cycloaddition reaction
in which the substrate adds across the Ir-C5 bond. The resulting
octahedral adduct (15)
contains a 1-iridacyclohexa-2,4-diene ring in a half-boat conformation.
Finally, treatment
of 3 with N2O results in ring contraction and
production of an iridacyclopentadiene species
(16). Compound 3 reacts with electrophiles
at the electron-rich α ring carbons, C1/C5. Hence,
treatment with 1 equiv of
H+O3SCF3
-
regenerates compound 2, while treatment with 2
equiv
of H+O3SCF3
-
produces
[(η5-2,4-dimethylpentadienyl)Ir(PEt3)3]2+(O3SCF3
-)2
(19). Treatment
of 3 with excess BF3 leads to the production of
a novel (η6-borabenzene)iridium complex
(20). This reaction apparently involves initial attack
of BF3 at ring carbon C5, followed by
migration of ring carbon C1 to boron. Compound 3
displaces...