Mechanism of Resistance of Wheat Against Stem Rust in the Sr5/P5 Interaction

Reisener, H. J.; Tiburzy, R.; Kögel, Karl-Heinz; Moerschbacher, Bruno M.; Heck, B.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-82849-2_11

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The effect of AOA on fungal growth and host cell necrosis was described earlier (24,30). We used AOA as a positive control in our experiments, while water-treated plants served as a negative control.…”

Section: Pal Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In antimicrobial substances, no phytoalexins have been found in wheat Triticum aestivum L. (24). However, induced lignification has been proposed as an important mechanism of disease resistance of wheat against a variety of fungal pathogens (25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, induced lignification has been proposed as an important mechanism of disease resistance of wheat against a variety of fungal pathogens (25). Several (7,24,30). Feeding radioactive lignin precursors to incompatible wheat-stem rust interactions leads to solvent-and alkali-insoluble incorporation of label into hypersensitively reacting host cells (7,11,24,26,30).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several (7,24,30). Feeding radioactive lignin precursors to incompatible wheat-stem rust interactions leads to solvent-and alkali-insoluble incorporation of label into hypersensitively reacting host cells (7,11,24,26,30). Enzyme activities of the lignin biosynthetic pathway increase in incompatible interactions at the time of the resistance response but decrease in compatible interactions at the same time (10, 21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they do not allow any conclusions concerning a causal relationship between the two phenomena. Application of AOA3, a competitive inhibitor of PAL (3), prevents hypersensitive necrotization of penetrated wheat cells and concomitantly leads to increased fungal growth (24,30). However, AOA is not specific for PAL, and PAL is not only involved in lignin biosynthesis.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Specific Inhibition of Lignification Breaks Hypersensitive Resistance of Wheat to Stem Rust

Moerschbacher¹,

Noll²,

Gorrichon³

et al. 1990

Plant Physiol.

161

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When highly resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties are infected by an avirulent race of the stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erics. and E. Henn.), penetrated host cells undergo rapid necrotization. This hypersensitive cell death is correlated with cellular lignification which efficiently restricts further fungal growth. Three competitive inhibitors of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, the first enzyme of the general phenylpropanoid pathway and, thus, of lignin biosynthesis, namely a-aminooxyacetate, a-aminooxy-B-phenylpropionic acid, and (1-amino-2-phenylethyl)phosphonic acid, and two highly specific irreversible suicide inhibitors of the lignification-specific enzyme cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase, namely N(O-aminophenyl)sulfinamoyl-tertiobutyl acetate and N(O-hydroxyphenyl)sulfinamoyltertiobutyl acetate, were applied to genetically resistant wheat plants prior to inoculation with stem rust. Treatment with any of these inhibitors decreased the frequency of lignified necrotic host cells and concomitantly led to increased fungal growth. The cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors were generally more effective than the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase inhibitors, occasionally allowing some sporulation to occur on the resistant wheat leaves. These results clearly point to a causal relationship between the formation of lignin precursors and the resistance of wheat to stem rust.The lignin content ofhigher plants has long been recognized as an important factor in the resistance response against potential pathogens. Lignin is extremely resistant to microbial degradation and thus constitutes one of the most effective barriers against pathogenic invasion (25). In addition to the role of lignin as a preformed resistance factor, induced lignification has been proposed as an active resistance mechanism of plants to fungi (15). However, it is still a matter of debate whether active lignification processes are causally involved in resistance (25).In the family Gramineae, active lignification appears to be of special importance in induced resistance mechanisms (28), possibly related to the near absence of phytoalexins in this family. In spite of intensive searches for infection-induced During the time of this study, B. M. M. received a Graduiertenstipendium des Landes Nordrhein Westfalen. This work was supported in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.

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Section: Pal Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specific Inhibition of Lignification Breaks Hypersensitive Resistance of Wheat to Stem Rust

Moerschbacher¹,

Noll²,

Gorrichon³

et al. 1990

Plant Physiol.

161

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Fortification of Plant Cell Walls as a Resistance Mechanism

Huang

2001

Plant Pathogenesis and Resistance

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Early defence responses of cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) induced by non-pathogenic rust fungi

Fink

Haug

Deising

et al. 1991

Planta

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Abstract. In cowpea (Vigna s&ensis L.) leaves the pathogenic rust fungus Uromyces vignae and the non-pathogens U. appendiculatus and U. viciae-fabae developed similarly to give rise to more than 80% haustorial mother cells. Whereas U. vignae was able to sporulate, the nonpathogens were stopped either after formation of some haustoria (U. appendiculatus) or immediately after formation of haustorial mother cells (U. viciae-fabae).Approximately 30% of the cells in contact with haustorial mother cells of the two non-pathogens showed autofluorescence and deposition of phloroglucinol/HC1-positive material. The early defence reactions of V. sinensis include induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) and extracellular peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) activity as early as 10h and 24h after inoculation, respectively. Probing Western blots with heterologous monospecific anti-PAL serum showed that pathogenesis-induced increases in enzyme activity are the result of de novo synthesis. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the specific induction of two extracellular acidic POD forms in cowpea inoculated with the non-pathogens. Both PAL and apoplasmic POD activities were highest in U. viciae-fabae-, intermediate in U. appendiculatus-and low in U. vignae-inoculated or talcum-treated control plants. The timing of increasing PAL and extracellular POD activities in relation to deposition of lignin or lignin-like material in mesophyll cell walls indicates the involvement of lignification in the early defence of V. sinensis against biotrophic fungal parasites. Analysis of the substrate specificity of the inducible POD forms, separated and partially purified by chromatofocusing, showed that apoplasmic PODs preferentially oxidize the naturally occurring substrate coniferyl alcohol. These results support the assumption that POD-mediated lignification is involved in the expression of non-host resistance of cowpea to rust fungi. * To whom correspondence should be addressed Abbreviations: IWF = intercellular washing fluid; PAL = phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; p.i. = post inoculation ; POD = peroxidase; SDS-PAGE = sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

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Mechanism of Resistance of Wheat Against Stem Rust in the Sr5/P5 Interaction

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Specific Inhibition of Lignification Breaks Hypersensitive Resistance of Wheat to Stem Rust

Specific Inhibition of Lignification Breaks Hypersensitive Resistance of Wheat to Stem Rust

Fortification of Plant Cell Walls as a Resistance Mechanism

Early defence responses of cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) induced by non-pathogenic rust fungi

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