Mechanism of Red Scale Defect Formation in Si-added Hot-rolled Steel Sheets.

Fukagawa, Tomoki; Okada, Hideya; Maehara, Yasuhiro

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.34.906

Cited by 108 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…However, the addition of Si often leads to red scale (mainly consisting of Fe 2 O 3 ), a surface defect of hot rolled steels [4]. Some research has investigated the formation of red scale [5][6][7][8][9][10], commonly regarded as directly related to the presence of Fe 2 SiO 4 -FeO eutectic, which is formed by the combination of SiO 2 and FeO [5,6]. The theoretical eutectic temperature (melting point) of Fe 2 SiO 4 -FeO is recognized as 1173 • C [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the subsequent descaling temperature is below 1173 • C, the liquid net-like Fe 2 SiO 4 solidifies and firmly bonds the steel substrate and iron scale, making it difficult to completely remove the FeO layer during descaling. The remaining FeO scale is oxidized into red Fe 2 O 3 (red scale defect) during the subsequent cooling and rolling processes [5,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Morphologies of Different Types of Fe2SiO4–FeO in Si-Containing Steel

Zhou

et al. 2016

Metals

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Morphologies of Different Types of Fe2SiO4–FeO in Si-Containing Steel

Zhou

et al. 2016

Metals

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“…The occurrence of the red and black stripe defect is associated to the poor descaling of the oxides formed in the reheating furnaces. 4) Since nickel has lower oxygen affinity than iron, it is not oxidised under the conditions of reheating in industrial furnaces. Instead, the Ni remains in the metallic phase as enrichment near the metal/scale interface, and becomes progressively surrounded by the iron oxides formed during processing in the reheating furnace.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Primary Scale Formation and Descalability on Steels Containing Ni and Ni+Si

et al. 2013

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Nickel and silicon are attractive alloying elements for high-strength low-alloyed (HSLA) steel production. However, it is well known that the presence of Ni and Si in the steel can impair the surface quality, making it unsuitable for certain markets. The combined effects of Ni+Si on the oxide scale formation are still relatively unknown. Literature is dealing mostly with steels containing combinations of Ni and Si, with either traces of nickel (0.1%) or very high (8-16%) nickel levels. At Tata Steel we explored the effect of an optimum composition selected to achieve steel properties (0.15%Si and 1%Ni) on the formation of oxide in the reheating furnace and its descalability. Pilot hydraulic descaling trials were performed on blocks of three steel grades, applying reheating and hydraulic descaling in conditions closely resembling the industrial practice.The oxidation experiments show that synergistic effects occurring during the oxidation of alloys containing Ni (1.1%) are already obvious at relatively low levels of Si of 0.05%. This effect is even enhanced at higher Si levels of 0.15% and consists of increasing the adherence of oxide scale to the steel substrate by forming an entangled layer with oxidic pegs.In order to maximize descalability of (Ni,Si)-alloyed steels slabs, the metal/scale entanglement has to be minimised. In this respect, it was found that the slab surface temperature is the most important parameter. A gentle, smooth reheating process is required in which slab surface temperatures exceeding 1 300°C should be avoided.

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“…[1][2][3][4] Specifically, oxide scale formed in hot strip rolling has posed a serious obstacle, and thereby causes the surface quality of final products to deteriorate. [5][6][7][8] In most cases, many different surface properties of metals and alloys can dominate surface characteristics of two solids in contact and thereby influence tribological performance. 9) These surface properties include surface energy, crystallographic orientation, grain boundaries, texturing of surface and crystal structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is practically important to dramatically alleviate disturbance from 'red scale' (α-Fe2O3) during hot rolling, when Fe3O4 is oxidised to red powdery α-Fe2O3 during air cooling. 6,8) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallographic Texture Based Analysis of Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 Scale Formed on a Hot-rolled Microalloyed Steel

Jiang

Zhao

et al. 2015

ISIJ Int.

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Oxide scale formed on the strip surface during hot rolling has posed a serious obstacle to ensure a defect-free surface of steel products in an ecologically friendly way. Recently, an influential idea is that the tertiary oxide scale with a tailored texture can be expected to enhance surface quality and tribolgoical properties during particular lubrication. In this study, texture evolutions of magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (α-Fe2O3) in deformed oxide layers formed on a hot-rolled microalloyed steel were investigated by electron back-scattering diffraction (EBSD). Fe3O4 develops a strong θ fibre parallel to the oxide growth, and α-Fe2O3 has a dominant {0001}<1010> texture component. This could be explained by surface energy minimisation during oxides growth and transformation between two oxides, which can also be affected by propagation of cracks along high angle grain boundaries in Fe3O4. Our data further demonstrate that a high thickness reduction (>28%) can reduce α-Fe2O3 wedging through Fe3O4 cracks, and tailoring Fe3O4 texture to {111} components can prevent the α-Fe2O3 growth titling 54.76° from the <001> crystal direction of Fe3O4. As such, these means can dramatically alleviate disturbance from 'red scale' (α-Fe2O3) during high-temperature steel processing.

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Mechanism of Red Scale Defect Formation in Si-added Hot-rolled Steel Sheets.

Abstract: The red scale, which is one of the major defects on hot-rolled Si

Cited by 108 publications

References 0 publications

The Morphologies of Different Types of Fe2SiO4–FeO in Si-Containing Steel

The Morphologies of Different Types of Fe2SiO4–FeO in Si-Containing Steel

Experimental Study on Primary Scale Formation and Descalability on Steels Containing Ni and Ni+Si

Crystallographic Texture Based Analysis of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/<i>α</i>-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Scale Formed on a Hot-rolled Microalloyed Steel

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