Mechanism of Prophylaxis by Silver Compounds against Infection of Burns

Ricketts, C. R.; Lowbury, E. J. L.; Lawrence, J.C.; Hall, Mark; Wilkins, M. D.

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5707.444

Cited by 49 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Indeed, a study of many cases could find no cellular reactions to the deposited silver (23). AgNO3 does inhibit respiration of guinea-pig ear skin in tissue culture, but at about 25 times the minimal concentration which killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa (60). Canadian women were found to ingest 7.1 mg daily from their food, with no apparent ill-effect (24).…”

Section: Water Sterilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aeruginosa using nutdent broth, but 0.1% AgNO3 completely removed it (60). Hughes and coworkers (53) have described two types of binding sites: a low capacity, high affinity binding site (probably intracellular) from which Ag + is not released by acid washing, and higher capacity, lower affinity sites (probably on the surface) from which Ag + is released by acid washing.…”

Section: Water Sterilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Belly and Kydd (51), who tabulated concentrations of 100 and 300ppm as permitting growth of resistant strains, claimed that 300ppm of AgNO3 gave rise to only 3ppb of ionic silver. Ricketts et al (60) used a silver-specific electrode to measure [Ag+] at different combinations of added AgNO3 and NaCI. In the range 0.05-0.1M NaCI, MIC values of added AgNO3 of 0.1-0.2mM corresponded to 1-3 x 10"9M Ag+.…”

Section: Antibacterial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Antibacterial Silver

1994

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The antibacterial activity of silver has long been known and has found a variety of applications because its toxicity to human cells is considerably lower than to bacteria. The most widely documented uses are prophylactic treatment of burns and water disinfection. However, the mechanisms by which silver kills cells are not known. Information on resistance mechanisms is apparently contradictory and even the chemistry of Ag + in such systems is poorly understood. Silver binds to many cellular components, with membrane components probably being more important than nucleic acids. It is difficult to know whether strong binding reflects toxicity or detoxification: some sensitive bacterial strains have been reported as accumulating more silver than the corresponding resistant strain, in others the reverse apparently occurs. In several cases resistance has been shown to be plasmid mediated. The plasmids are reported as difficult to transfer, and can also be difficult to maintain, as we too have found. Attempts to find biochemical differences between resistant and sensitive strains have met with limited success: differences are subtle, such as increased cell surface hydrophobicity in a resistant Escherichia coli. Some of the problems are due to defining conditions in which resistance can be observed. Silver(I) has been shown to bind to components of cell culture media, and the presence of chloride is necessary to demonstrate resistance. The form of silver used must also be considered. This is usually water soluble AgNO 3 , which readily precipitates as AgCl. The clinically preferred compound is the highly insoluble silver sulfadiazine, which does not cause hypochloraemia in burns. It has been suggested that resistant bacteria are those unable to bind Ag + more tightly than does chloride. It may be that certain forms of insoluble silver are taken up by cells, as has been found for nickel. Under our experimental conditions, silver complexed by certain ligands is more cytotoxic than AgNO 3 , yet with related ligands is considerably less toxic. There is evidently a subtle interplay of solubility and stability which should reward further investigation.

show abstract

Section: Water Sterilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Sterilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antibacterial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Antibacterial Silver

1994

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The minimal dose causing generalised argyria in humans has been fixed in 4 to 5 g (Brandt et al, 2005). According to Ricketts et al (1970), the minimal dose of silver nitrate to cause inhibition of cell respiration in tissues is about 25-fold higher to that inhibits growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Gopinath et al (2008) concluded that a necrotic effect on human cells of silver nanoparticles occur at concentrations above 44 µg/ml (44 ppm). However, no limiting concentration of silver intake has been fixed for humans, although the US Environmental Protecting Agency (EPA) recommends a maximum silver dose in drinking water for chronic or short term (1 to 10 days) intake of 0.05 and 1.14 ppm, respectively (ATSDS 1990).…”

Section: Other Effects Of Silvermentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Use of Silver Nanoparticles as an Additive in Animal Feeding

Fondevila¹

2010

Silver Nanoparticles

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Among other uses, metallic silver and silver salts have currently been applied as antimicrobial agents in many aspects of medical industries, such as coating of catheters, dental resin composites and burn wounds, as well as in homeopathic medicine, with a minimal risk of toxicity in humans. However, their use in animal feeding as prebiotics have remain minimised, mostly because of the low cost antibiotics used as growth promoters in the second half of the XX Century. However, after the ban of this practice in the European Community, silver compounds appear as a potential alternative to other already in use, such as organic acids, oligosaccharides, plant extracts, etc. The major concerns about the safe use of an additive in animal feeding are its effective role as antimicrobial, acting selectively over potential pathogens but not over symbiotic microbial communities; a low toxic effect over the animal and its human consumer; and a low risk of environmental pollution. Metallic silver nanoparticles (up to 100 nm) allow for a higher antimicrobial effect than silver salts, are more resistant to deactivation by gastric acids and have a low absorption rate through the intestinal mucosa, thus minimising its potential risk of toxicity. Besides, it has been shown that the doses that promote animal physiological and productive effects are very low (20 to 40 ppm), especially compared to the 10 to 100-fold higher concentration used with other metallic compounds such as copper and zinc, thus precluding a harmful environmental effect. This chapter describes the reasons why silver nanoparticles could be applied to animal feeding, and provides with some available data in this regard. In any case, its registration as feed additive is a previous requisite before being applied in practical conditions.

show abstract

“…It is currently believed that nanocrystalline silver is far less rapidly deactivated by biological fluids than the ionic form, and can provide sustained antimicrobial action in medical applications. Nanocrystalline silver dissolves in biological solutions to provide a concentration of Ag 0 and Ag +1 ions in the range of ~70 ppm [20][21][22][23]. As the silver ions are depleted, an equilibrium shift causes additional Ag 0 and Ag +1 ions to be released.…”

Section: Wsrc-ms-2005-00051mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical and antimicrobial properties of diamondlike carbon-metal composite films

Morrison

Buchanan

Liaw

et al. 2006

Diamond and Related Materials

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Implants containing antimicrobial metals may reduce morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs associated with medical device-related infections. We have deposited diamondlike carbonsilver (DLC-Ag), diamondlike carbon-platinum (DLC-Pt), and diamondlike carbon-silverplatinum (DLC-AgPt) thin films using a multicomponent target pulsed laser deposition process.Transmission electron microscopy of the DLC-silver and DLC-platinum composite films revealed that the silver and platinum self-assemble into nanoparticle arrays within the diamondlike carbon matrix. The diamondlike carbon-silver film possesses hardness and Young's modulus values of 37 GPa and 331 GPa, respectively. The diamondlike carbon-metal composite films exhibited passive behavior at open-circuit potentials. Low corrosion rates were observed during testing in a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) electrolyte. In addition, the diamondlike carbon-metal composite films were found to be immune to localized corrosion below 1000 mV (SCE). DLC-silver-platinum films demonstrated exceptional antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus bacteria. It is believed that a galvanic couple forms between platinum and silver, which accelerates silver ion release and provides more robust antimicrobial activity.Diamondlike carbon-silver-platinum films may provide unique biological functionalities and improved lifetimes for cardiovascular, orthopaedic, biosensor, and implantable microelectromechanical systems.

show abstract

Mechanism of Prophylaxis by Silver Compounds against Infection of Burns

Cited by 49 publications

References 6 publications

Antibacterial Silver

Antibacterial Silver

Potential Use of Silver Nanoparticles as an Additive in Animal Feeding

Electrochemical and antimicrobial properties of diamondlike carbon-metal composite films

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About