Mechanism of poly(p-phenylene sulfide) growth from p-dichlorobenzene and sodium sulfide

Fahey, Darryl R.; Ash, Carlton E.

doi:10.1021/ma00015a003

Cited by 86 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…C 6 H 4 Cl 2 ) is a halogenated organic compound, used for pesticide, disinfectant, deodorant, and a precursor to other chemicals [1][2][3]. Moreover, it is used as a chemical intermediate for the manufacture of dyes, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, plastics, polymers, and other organic synthesis [3].…”

Section: 4-dichlorobenzene (Para-dichlorobenzene or P-dcbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it is used as a chemical intermediate for the manufacture of dyes, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, plastics, polymers, and other organic synthesis [3]. Acute exposure via inhalation in humans results in irritation of the skin, throat, and eyes [4].…”

Section: 4-dichlorobenzene (Para-dichlorobenzene or P-dcbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays chlorobenzenes are widely distributed in the environment due to point pollution sources as well as diffusive contamination [6]. It is combustible, incompatible with oxidizing agents, aluminium and its alloys and some plastics [3]. The low flash point (66°C) and low melting point (53.5°C) limits its application [7], and this is one of the reasons for the health discomfort of personnel working with them such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, numbness, and sleepiness [8,9].…”

Section: 4-dichlorobenzene (Para-dichlorobenzene or P-dcbmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Isotopic Abundance Ratio of Biofield Energy Treated 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

Trivedi¹

2016

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Abstract:The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the isotopic abundance ratios of P M+1 /P M , P M+2 /P M , P M+3 /P M and P M+4 /P M in p-DCB using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The p-DCB was divided into two parts -one part was control sample, and another part was considered as the treated sample which was subjected to biofield energy treatment (The Trivedi Effect ® ). T1, T2, T3, and T4 were referred the biofield treated p-DCB having analyzed at different time intervals. The GC-MS analysis of both the control and biofield treated p-DCB indicated the presence of the parent molecular ion peak at m/z 146 along with four major fragmentation peaks at m/z 111, 75, 55 and 50. The relative peak intensities of the fragmented ions in the biofield treated p-DCB were notably changed as compared to the control sample with respect to the time. The isotopic abundance ratio analysis using GC-MS revealed that the isotopic abundance ratio of P M+1 /P M at T1, T2, T3, and T4 (biofield energy treated p-DCB) was significantly increased by 10.87, 83.90, 225.16, and 241.15%, respectively as compared to the control sample. Consequently, the percentage change in the isotopic abundance ratio of P M+2 /P M at T1, T2, and T3 (biofield energy treated p-DCB) was enhanced by 4.55, 9.49, and 1.80%, respectively as compared to the control sample. Beside these, another two isotopic molecular ion peaks at m/z 149 and 150 were found in the GS-MS spectra due to arise from the contributions of various combinations of 2 H, 13 C, and 37Cl. The isotopic abundance ratios of P M+3 /P M in biofield energy treated sample at T1, T2, T3, and T4 was significantly increased by 15.14, 82.57, 192.43, and 218.31%, respectively as compared to the control sample. Similarly, the P M+4 /P M in biofield energy treated sample at T1, T2, T3, and T4 was significantly increased by 13.80, 86.66, 186.13, and 204.29%, respectively as compared to the control sample. Overall, the isotopic abundance ratios of P M+1 /P M ( Cl/ 35 Cl) were significantly enhanced in the biofield energy treated p-DCB. The biofield treated p-DCB has shown improved isotopic abundance ratios that might have altered the physicochemical properties, thermal properties and rate of reaction. Biofield treated p-DCB might be useful in pharmaceutical and chemical industries as intermediates during the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and chemicals by monitoring the rate of chemical reaction.

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Section: 4-dichlorobenzene (Para-dichlorobenzene or P-dcbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 4-dichlorobenzene (Para-dichlorobenzene or P-dcbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 4-dichlorobenzene (Para-dichlorobenzene or P-dcbmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Isotopic Abundance Ratio of Biofield Energy Treated 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

Trivedi¹

2016

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“…Nowadays, it is used in the production of mothballs in place of naphthalene. Moreover, it is used as chemical intermediate to manufacture dyes, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, 2,5-dichloroaniline, plastics, polymers (e.g polyphenylene sulfide resins used for surface coatings and molding resins), and other organic synthesis [3,4]. Besides, it is also used in ear preparations as ear wax softener and help in the removal of the wax [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Studies on Biofield Treated p-Dichlorobenzene

Trivedi¹,

Branton²,

Trivedi³

et al. 2015

Biochem Anal Biochem

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“…5 This reaction is proposed to occur by the ionic S N Ar process even though the S RN 1 mechanism cannot be totally ruled out. 6 However, there are no reports on the reactivity of thiocyanate ion (2) towards aryl radicals. On the other hand, the electrochemically initiated reaction of thiourea anion (3) with aryl halides affords moderate yields of a mixture of ArSH, ArSSAr and ArSAr, ascribed to the fragmentation of the radical anion intermediates (eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of sulfur centered nucleophiles in photoinduced reactions with 1-bromonaphthalene

Argüello¹,

Schmidt²,

Peñéñory³

2003

Arkivoc

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The reactivity of S 2-(1), -SCN (2) and -SCNH(NH 2 ) (3) in photoinduced substitution reactions with 1-bromonaphthalene (5) in DMSO was studied. The photostimulated reaction of ion 1 with 5 renders after quenching with MeI 1-(methylthio)naphthalene (16%), bis (1-naphthyl) sulfide (17.5%) and naphthalene (42%). The lack of reaction in the dark and the inhibition of the photoinduced one by the presence of di-tert-butylnitroxide (DTBN) and p-dinitrobenzene (p-DNB) are evidence of a radical chain mechanism for these substitution reactions. On the other hand, ion 2 was unreactive towards 5, both as an electron donor under photostimulation and as a nucleophile. Finally the thiourea anion (3) affords after a photoinduced reaction with 5 and quenching with MeI, 1-methylthionaphthalene (50%), bis (1-naphthyl) sulfide (22%) and naphthalene (9%). This reaction does not occur in the dark and is inhibited in the presence of DTBN. By using hydrogen abstraction from DMSO as competitive reaction, the absolute rate constants for the addition of ions 1, 3 and benzene thiolate ions (4) to 1-naphthyl radicals have been determined to be 0.5 x 10 9 M -1 s -1 , 1.0 x 10 9 M -1 s -1 and 5.1 x 10 9 M -1 s -1 respectively.

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Mechanism of poly(p-phenylene sulfide) growth from p-dichlorobenzene and sodium sulfide

Cited by 86 publications

References 5 publications

Determination of Isotopic Abundance Ratio of Biofield Energy Treated 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

Determination of Isotopic Abundance Ratio of Biofield Energy Treated 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Studies on Biofield Treated p-Dichlorobenzene

Reactivity of sulfur centered nucleophiles in photoinduced reactions with 1-bromonaphthalene

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