Mechanism of phthalate esters in the progression and development of breast cancer

Mughees, Mohd; Chugh, Himanshu; Wajid, Saima

doi:10.1080/01480545.2020.1802480

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Animal [11], as well as human [12], sampling tests indicated that PAEs will cause damage to the reproductive system and the testicular function of males. In addition, epidemiology investigations suggested that early puberty in females is related to DEHP exposure [13,14], which may also raise the risk of breast cancer and endometriosis [15]. Besides the adverse effects on the endocrine system and the reproductive system, PAEs may even cause allergies, asthma [16], and cancer [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling di (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) and Its Metabolism in a Body’s Organs and Tissues through Different Intake Pathways into Human Body

Kang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Phthalate esters (PAEs) are ubiquitous in indoor environments as plasticizers in indoor products. Residences are often exposed to indoor PAEs in the form of gas, particles, settled dust, and surface phases. To reveal the mechanism behind the accumulation of PAEs in different tissues or organs such as the liver and the lungs when a person exposed to indoor PAEs with different phases, a whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for PAEs is employed to characterize the dynamic process of phthalates by different intake pathways, including oral digestion, dermal adsorption, and inhalation. Among three different intake pathways, dermal penetration distributed the greatest accumulation of DEHP in most of the organs, while the accumulative concentration through oral ingestion was an order of magnitude lower than the other two doses. Based on the estimated parameters, the variation of di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) concentration in the venous blood, urine, the liver, the thymus, the pancreas, the spleen, the lungs, the brain, the heart, and the kidney for different intake scenarios was simulated. The simulated results showed a different accumulation profile of DEHP and MEHP in different organs and tissues and demonstrated that the different intake pathways will result in different accumulation distributions of DEHP and MEHP in organs and tissues and may lead to different detrimental health outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling di (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) and Its Metabolism in a Body’s Organs and Tissues through Different Intake Pathways into Human Body

Kang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…37,38 The phthalates are found from childcare products, toys and perfumes to medical equipment and food products, and their broad use draws close attention of scientists, primarily to their effect on the environment 39,40 and human health. 36,38,[41][42][43][44] A particularly interesting property of phthalates is their ability to transform into a glassy state upon cooling. Phthalic acid esters (in particular, di-n-butyl phthalate, DBP) are used as model systems to investigate dynamic properties of glasses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inherent heterogeneities and nanostructural anomalies in organic glasses revealed by EPR

et al. 2021

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“…However, these phthalate plasticizers can leach from the PVC matrix to enter the surrounding medium and the environment. This is of significant concern as the phthalate esters have been shown to be potentially toxic and have a negative influence on fertility and reproduction. , Moreover, the loss of the plasticizer leads to a loss of the ductility that was imparted to the original PVC-P. ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is of significant concern as the phthalate esters have been shown to be potentially toxic and have a negative influence on fertility and reproduction. 6,7 Moreover, the loss of the plasticizer leads to a loss of the ductility that was imparted to the original PVC-P. 5,8−11 Many different approaches to preventing additive or plasticizer migration have been investigated and are summarized in recent reviews. 5,12−14 One strategy is to use a polymeric external plasticizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“All-PVC” Flexible Poly(vinyl Chloride): Nonmigratory Star-Poly(vinyl Chloride) as Plasticizers for PVC by RAFT Polymerization

Sun

Mi²,

et al. 2021

Macromolecules

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Xanthate-mediated RAFT polymerization has been used to prepare 3-star and 4-star-poly(vinyl chloride) (star-PVC) with a number average molar mass (M n ) in the range of 1 to 7 kg mol −1 . The T g of star-PVC reduces with molar mass and with the number of arms. The star-PVC have substantially lower glasstransition temperatures (T g ) than that of linear PVC of similar M n , with the T g of low-molar mass 4-star-PVC being −7.4 °C. The star-PVC are effective in lowering the T g of blends with commercial PVC when added at 10−30 wt % PVC. When added even at 10 wt %, they are effective in improving the ductility of PVC with an elongation at break (EB) of ∼350% (4-star-PVC) and ∼300% (3star-PVC) relative to commercial PVC, which is substantially higher than that for PVC conventionally plasticized with 30 wt % dioctyl phthalate under similar conditions (EB ∼160%). Importantly, the star-PVC, despite their low molar mass, do not migrate from the PVC blends when tested under standard conditions. The performance of the star-PVC as non-migratory plasticizers for PVC demonstrates the potential for an "all-PVC" flexible PVC.

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Mechanism of phthalate esters in the progression and development of breast cancer

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Modeling di (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) and Its Metabolism in a Body’s Organs and Tissues through Different Intake Pathways into Human Body

Modeling di (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) and Its Metabolism in a Body’s Organs and Tissues through Different Intake Pathways into Human Body

Inherent heterogeneities and nanostructural anomalies in organic glasses revealed by EPR

“All-PVC” Flexible Poly(vinyl Chloride): Nonmigratory Star-Poly(vinyl Chloride) as Plasticizers for PVC by RAFT Polymerization

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