Mechanism of male sterility in Petunia: The relationship between pH, callase activity in the anthers, and the breakdown of the microsporogenesis

Izhar, S.; Frankel, Rafael

doi:10.1007/bf00277751

Cited by 139 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Second, defective or delayed callose degradation may result in the failure of microspore separation. In two petunia mutants, RM gms (rosy morn genic male sterile) and PR cms (partially restored cytoplasmic male sterile), callose degradation is delayed and microspores remain adherent (Izhar and Frankel, 1971). Nonetheless, it is difficult to assign the function of callose based on these mutants because the primary defects leading to the phenotypes are not known.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetrad pollen formation in quartet mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana is associated with persistence of pectic polysaccharides of the pollen mother cell wall

1998

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SummaryThe quartet (qrt) mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana produce tetrad pollen in which microspores fail to separate during pollen development. Because the amount of callose deposition between microspores is correlated with tetrad pollen formation in other species, and because pectin is implicated as playing a role in cell adhesion, these cell-wall components in wild-type and mutant anthers were visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy at different stages of microsporogenesis. In wild-type, callose was detected around the pollen mother cell at the onset of meiosis and around the microspores during the tetrad stage. Microspores were released into the anther locule at the stage where callose was no longer detected. Deposition and degradation of callose during tetrad pollen formation in qrt1 and qrt2 mutants were indistinguishable from those in wild-type. Enzymatic removal of callose from wild-type microspores at the tetrad stage did not release the microspores, suggesting that callose removal is not sufficient to disperse the microspores in wild-type. Pectic components were detected in the primary wall of the pollen mother cell. This wall surrounded the callosic wall around the pollen mother cell and the microspores during the tetrad stage. In wild-type, pectic components of this wall were no longer detectable at the time of microspore release. However, in qrt1 and qrt2 mutants, pectic components of this wall persisted after callose degradation. This result suggests that failure of pectin degradation in the pollen mother cell wall is associated with tetrad pollen formation in qrt mutants, and indicates that QRT1 and QRT2 may be required for cell type-specific pectin degradation to separate microspores.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetrad pollen formation in quartet mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana is associated with persistence of pectic polysaccharides of the pollen mother cell wall

1998

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“…These studies indicate that destruction of the tapetal layer or defects of tapetal cell formation result in the failure of pollen development. Tapetal cells are important for pollen formation because they provide callase and other proteins important for the release of microspores from the tetrad as well as chemicals important for the formation of pollen outer walls (Mepham, 1970;Izhar and Frankel, 1971;Stieglitz, 1977). Based on the phenotypic deviations observed in the double mutants, we therefore propose that SERK1 and SERK2 perform a fully interchangeable signaling role required for male sporogenesis.…”

Section: Serk1 and Serk2 Are Required For Tapetal Cell Fate And Micromentioning

confidence: 97%

The Arabidopsis thaliana SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASES1 and 2 Control Male Sporogenesis

et al. 2005

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The Arabidopsis thaliana SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (SERK) family of plasma membrane receptors consists of five closely related members. The SERK1 and SERK2 genes show a complex expression pattern throughout development. Both are expressed in anther primordia up to the second parietal division. After this point, expression ceases in the sporocytes and is continued in the tapetum and middle layer precursors. Single knockout mutants of SERK1 and SERK2 show no obvious phenotypes. Double mutants of SERK1 and SERK2 are completely male sterile due to a failure in tapetum specification. Fertility can be restored by a single copy of either gene. The SERK1 and SERK2 proteins can form homodimers or heterodimers in vivo, suggesting they are interchangeable in the SERK1/SERK2 signaling complex.

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“…Alterations in the timing of this event, or failure to express -1,3-glucanases, leads to abnormal disruption of the callose walls, which has been shown to be a primary cause of male sterility in cytoplasmic male-sterile lines of several species, including Petunia (Izhar & Frankel, 1971). Fig.…”

Section: Microsporogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabinogalactan Proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana Pollen Development

Coimbra¹,

Pereira²

2012

Transgenic Plants - Advances and Limitations

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Mechanism of male sterility in Petunia: The relationship between pH, callase activity in the anthers, and the breakdown of the microsporogenesis

Cited by 139 publications

References 5 publications

Tetrad pollen formation in quartet mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana is associated with persistence of pectic polysaccharides of the pollen mother cell wall

Tetrad pollen formation in quartet mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana is associated with persistence of pectic polysaccharides of the pollen mother cell wall

The Arabidopsis thaliana SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASES1 and 2 Control Male Sporogenesis

Arabinogalactan Proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana Pollen Development

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