Mechanism of La2O3 as combustion improver in blast furnace coal injection

Abstract

La 2 O 3 is a combustion improver suitable for burning pulverized coal in blast furnace. La 2 O 3 forms the active species La 3? (CO -) 3 that weakens the bridge adhesion of carbon structural units and alters the lattice structures, thus reducing the activation energy of the pulverized coal and accelerating the burning process. Research shows that La 2 O 3 can form the active species La 3? (CO -) 3 , which weakens the bridge adhesion of carbon structural units and alters the lattice structures of the fixed carbon, hence decreasing the activation energy of the pulverized coal and accelerating the burning process.

Effects of potassium additives on the combustion characteristics of graphite as a heating source of heat-not-burn tobacco

“…Currently, plenty of chemicals ( i.e. La 2 O 3 , Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 , and CeO 2 ) have been used to improve combustion or as additives to upgrade the quality of fuels, including coal, 13 biomass, 14 and biodiesel. 15 However, most of them cannot act as the combustion improver of carbon HNB tobacco due to their harmfulness.…”

Structural Transformations of Coal Components upon Heat Treatment and Explanation on Their Abnormal Thermal Behaviors

“…Structure characterizations of bark coal and barkinite have been discussed using various analytical methods, for example, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 8,9 transmittedlight FTIR microspectroscopy, 10−12 time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF−SIMS), 13 carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C NMR), 9,14 ruthenium-ion-catalyzed oxidation, 15 and atomic force microscopy. 16,17 The noticeable chemical structural characteristic of barkinite is rich aliphatic groups, especially the CH 2 group.…”