Mechanism of Iron Oxide Dissolution—A Review of Recent Literature

Frenier, Wayne W.; Growcock, Fred

doi:10.5006/1.3593905

Cited by 45 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…It has been shown that the mechanism of iron oxide dissolution in acidic conditions proceeds through a number of steps. 46 If the starting material is Fe 3 O 4 , it is first oxidized to γ -Fe 2 O 3 before undergoing further dissolution. Additionally, Fe 3 O 4 has a faster rate of dissolution than γ -Fe 2 O 3 under identical conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, Fe 3 O 4 has a faster rate of dissolution than γ -Fe 2 O 3 under identical conditions. 46,47 Therefore, we suspect that the long term acid resistance of the hydrothermally treated mMS NPs is due to the oxidation that occurs during the hydrothermal treatment. Either the exterior shell or the entirety of the SPION is oxidized to γ -Fe 2 O 3 during the treatment, imparting mMS-hy samples with slower dissolution rates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Mesoporous Silica Coating and Postsynthetic Treatment on the Transverse Relaxivity of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Hurley

Zhang

et al. 2013

Chem. Mater.

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Mesoporous silica nanoparticles have the capacity to load and deliver therapeutic cargo and incorporate imaging modalities, making them prominent candidates for theranostic devices. One of the most widespread imaging agents utilized in this and other theranostic platforms is nanoscale superparamagnetic iron oxide. Although several core-shell magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles presented in the literature have provided high T2 contrast in vitro and in vivo, there is ambiguity surrounding which parameters lead to enhanced contrast. Additionally, there is a need to understand the behavior of these imaging agents over time in biologically relevant environments. Herein, we present a systematic analysis of how the transverse relaxivity (r2) of magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles is influenced by nanoparticle diameter, iron oxide nanoparticle core synthesis, and the use of a hydrothermal treatment. This work demonstrates that samples which did not undergo a hydrothermal treatment experienced a drop in r2 (75% of original r2 within 8 days of water storage), while samples with hydrothermal treatment maintained roughly the same r2 for over 30 days in water. Our results suggest that iron oxide oxidation is the cause of the r2 loss, and this oxidation can be prevented both during synthesis and storage by the use of deoxygenated conditions during nanoparticle synthesis. The hydrothermal treatment also provides colloidal stability, even in acidic and highly salted solutions, and a resistance against acid degradation of the iron oxide nanoparticle core. The results of this study show the promise of multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles but will also likely inspire further investigation into multiples types of theranostic devices, taking into consideration their behavior over time and in relevant biological environments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Mesoporous Silica Coating and Postsynthetic Treatment on the Transverse Relaxivity of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Hurley

Zhang

et al. 2013

Chem. Mater.

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“…Similar to iron powder, the presence of Fe(NH 4 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 also resulted in further decrease of inhibition performance of SCC2000. Iron may be dissolved in the carboxylate inhibitor solution at high tempera-tures (Frost et al 1974(Frost et al , 1976Frenier and Growcock 1984), and the dissolved iron may catalyze the degradation of the inhibitor molecules in the aqueous solution (Motekaitis et al 1980). Note that the exposure of steel surface as well as the iron concentration may be higher than that of a clean pipe, but it may represent a worst-case scenario for a highly corroded surface.…”

Section: Impact Of Stainless Steel and Iron On The Thermal Degradatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel and Comprehensive Study of Polymeric and Traditional Phosphonate Inhibitors for High-Temperature Scale Control

2013

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A novel barite-inhibition assay based on the nucleation and inhibition model has been proposed and used to evaluate the thermal stability of phosphonates and polymeric scale inhibitors with regard to their potential application in high-temperature wells. Systematic experiments have been conducted to investigate the time (minutes to days) and temperature (up to 200 C) dependence of inhibitor thermal degradation, the impact of stainless steel and iron on the degradation of inhibitors at high temperatures, and the difference between aging tests with inhibitors in solution and with those inhibitors adsorbed on core materials. The results not only enable a more accurate understanding of the thermal degradation of scale inhibitors but also facilitate the selection and placement of scale inhibitors for high-temperature oil and gas production.

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“…Oxalic acid can be obtained cheaply as a by-product from other industrial processes and any remaining oxalate in the treated materials will decompose to carbon dioxide during the firing stage of ceramic making. Many researchers have studied the use of oxalic acid to dissolve iron oxide as a result (Vaglio et al, 1998;Segal and Sellers, 1984;Frenier and Growcock, 1984;Jepson, 1988;Panias et al, 1996;Blesa et al, 1987;Cornell and Schindler, 1987). Biological processes for iron removal have also been evaluated based on the use of several types of fungi, some being oxalic acid producing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%