Mechanism of inhibitory effect of cathodal current tongue stimulation on five basic tastes

Sakurai, S.; Aoyama, Kazuo; Miyamoto, Nobuhisa; Mizukami, Masaaki; Furukawa, Masahiro; Maeda, Takao; Ando, Hideyuki

doi:10.1109/vr.2016.7504762

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The potentiation effect of ETS was also tested with 1-3 mA of electric direct current, and it was observed that the stronger the current, the stronger the potentiation effect. Sakurai et al [ 14 ] used continuance square wave ETS in five healthy volunteers in their 20s to test the salt-taste-enhancing effect. All of them reported an increase in saltiness with ETS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodal Electrical Taste Stimulation to the Chin Enhances the Salt Taste Perception in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients

Katsuki,

Fukushima,

Goto

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a critical condition associated with high mortality rates. Hypertension is a significant risk factor for SAH development and recurrence following coil embolization for a ruptured aneurysm. While reduction of salt consumption is crucial for managing hypertension, it often compromises food taste. Anodal electrical taste stimulation (ETS) has been proposed to enhance taste perception without altering salt content. We present the case of a 69-year-old female SAH patient with a ruptured aneurysm at the anterior communicating artery who underwent coil embolization and in whom we tested ETS’s efficacy in enhancing the salt taste perception on day 42 after the procedure. ETS effectively enhanced the salt taste perception threshold and perceived concentration; the threshold for salt taste without electrical stimulation was 0.8% of salt-impregnated filter paper, whereas that with electrical stimulation was 0.6%. The perception of salt taste was enhanced: 0.8% and 1.0% of filter papers were perceived as 0.6% and 0.8% without electrical stimulation and 1.0% and 1.2% with electrical stimulation, respectively. This is the first report describing the salt perception-enhancing effect of ETS in an actual patient. Further studies involving actual patients are required to determine how ETS affects habitual salt intake and blood pressure trends.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodal Electrical Taste Stimulation to the Chin Enhances the Salt Taste Perception in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients

Katsuki,

Fukushima,

Goto

et al. 2024

Cureus

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“…Since interactive devices based on electrical stimulation can internally cause sensations in their user's body, they can, in turn, induce a variety of interesting physical responses that the interface can now leverage as output modalities, including: 1) tactile sensations [electrotactile stimulation (SmartTouch, 2022)], 2) force sensations [electrical muscle stimulation (Farbiz et al, 2007)], 3) increased friction sensations [electrovibration (Shultz et al, 2015)]; 4) balance sensations [galvanic vestibular stimulation (Maeda et al, 2005;Aoyama et al, 2013;De Maio et al, 1079)]; and, 5) taste sensations [electrical stimulation of taste receptors in the tongue (Nakamura and Miyashita, 2011;Sakurai, 2016)]. These five interactive applications have been the frontline of electrical stimulation outside the realm of medicine/science.…”

Section: Electrical Stimulation Enables New Output Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: Electrical stimulation for immersive virtual and augmented reality

Lopes

2022

Front. Virtual Real.

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“…So, given the difficulty of transmitting a range of aromas digitally, in the foreseeable future, the best solution may be to augment the taste of real food with cutlery or glassware that is capable of stimulating the taste buds directly (e.g., Bolton, 2015;Nakamura & Miyashita, 2011, 2013aOhla, Toepel, le Coutre, & Hudry, 2012;Sakurai, Aoyama, Miyamoto, Mizukami, Furukawa, Maeda, & Ando, 2016a;Sakurai, Aoyama, Mizukami, Maeda, & Ando, 2016b). That way, the real aromas, and flavours, of foods can be enhanced by digital (i.e., electrical) tastes.…”

Section: How To Digitize the Chemical Senses?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Digitizing the chemical senses: Possibilities & pitfalls

Spence

Obrist

Velasco

et al. 2017

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

120

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Many people are understandably excited by the suggestion that the chemical senses can be digitized; be it to deliver ambient fragrances (e.g., in virtual reality or health-related applications), or else to transmit flavour experiences via the internet. However, to date, progress in this area has been surprisingly slow. Furthermore, the majority of the attempts at successful commercialization have failed, often in the face of consumer ambivalence over the perceived benefits/utility. In this review, with the focus squarely on the domain of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), we summarize the state-of-the-art in the area. We highlight the key possibilities and pitfalls as far as stimulating the so-called 'lower' senses of taste, smell, and the trigeminal system are concerned. Ultimately, we suggest that mixed reality solutions are currently the most plausible as far as delivering (or rather modulating) flavour experiences digitally is concerned. The key problems with digital fragrance delivery are related to attention and attribution. People often fail to detect fragrances when they are concentrating on something else; And even when they detect that their chemical senses have been stimulated, there is always a danger that they attribute their experience (e.g., pleasure) to one of the other senses-this is what we call 'the fundamental attribution error'. We conclude with an outlook on digitizing the chemical senses and summarize a set of open-ended questions that the HCI community has to address in future explorations of smell and taste as interaction modalities.

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Mechanism of inhibitory effect of cathodal current tongue stimulation on five basic tastes

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Anodal Electrical Taste Stimulation to the Chin Enhances the Salt Taste Perception in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients

Anodal Electrical Taste Stimulation to the Chin Enhances the Salt Taste Perception in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients

Editorial: Electrical stimulation for immersive virtual and augmented reality

Digitizing the chemical senses: Possibilities & pitfalls

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