Mechanism of inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizin on replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Ito, Masahiko; Sato, Akihiko; Hirabayashi, Kazuhiro; Tanabe, Fuminori; Shigeta, Shirô; Baba, Masanori; Clercq, Erik De; Nakashima, Hideki; Yamamoto, Nobuto

doi:10.1016/0166-3542(88)90047-2

Cited by 177 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In addition, pharmacological researches shown that LD50 of GAMG is 5000 mg/kg while that of GL was 805 mg/kg (Feng et al, 2006), which means that GAMG has higher safety than GL. Also, it exhibits the similar (or stronger) anti-allergic (Park et al, 2004), anti-inflammatory (Akao et al, 1992), anti-cancer (Mizutani et al, 1998), antianaphylaxis (Park et al, 2004) and anti-virus (Ito et al, 1988). It should be noteworthy that GL is hardly soluble in water, and generally used as a form of water soluble salt, while GAMG itself is readily soluble in water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial production of glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-mono-β-D-glucuronide from glycyrrhizin by Aspergillus terreus

Amin¹,

Menoufy²,

El-Mehalawy³

et al. 2010

MJM

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Among seven fungi (three Aspergilli and four Penicilli) have been screened for production of glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-mono--D-glucuronide (GAMG) from glycyrrhizin (GL), Aspergillus terreus was found to be the most potent GAMG producer. This strain was capable of expressing two intracellular -D-glucuronidase forms, one responsible for partial hydrolysis of GL to GAMG and the other one for hydrolysis of GL to glycyrrhetic acid (GA). The highest yield of GAMG was achieved when the reaction mixture was incubated at pH 6 at 40 °C for 1 h using GL (0.1%, w/v) as a substrate. The maximum hydrolytic activity for production of GAMG (396 U/mL) was obtained using production medium composed of (g%, w/v): corn steep liquor 2.5, soybean flour 3.5, glucose 0.5 and CaCO3 0.5; pH 6.0. The medium was inoculated with 15% (v/v) inoculum and incubated at 27 °C for 3 days. Under these optimal conditions, GAMG yield became about 2 times higher than GA yield and the cells bioconversion efficiency increased from 24.6 to 78.3%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial production of glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-mono-β-D-glucuronide from glycyrrhizin by Aspergillus terreus

Amin¹,

Menoufy²,

El-Mehalawy³

et al. 2010

MJM

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“…is one of the most ancient herbal medicines. The medicinal functions of liquorice include antiviral activities against HIV (Ito et al, 1988) and severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus (Cinatl et al, 2003) and anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects (Li et al, 2000). The pharmaceutical properties are due to the triterpenoid saponins and flavonoids (Fukai et al, 2002;Kim et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and antimicrobial activities of actinobacteria closely associated with liquorice plants Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Glycyrrhiza inflate BAT. in Xinjiang, China

Zhao

Liao

et al. 2016

Microbiology

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A total of 218 actinobacteria strains were isolated from wild perennial liquorice plants Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Glycyrrhiza. inflate BAT. Based on morphological characteristics, 45 and 32 strains from G. inflate and G. glabra, respectively, were selected for further analyses. According to 16S rRNA sequence analysis, most of the strains belonged to genus Streptomyces and a few strains represented the rare actinobacteria Micromonospora, Rhodococcus and Tsukamurella. A total of 39 strains from G. inflate and 27 strains from G. glabra showed antimicrobial activity against at least one indicator organism. The range of the antimicrobial activity of the strains isolated from G. glabra and G. inflate was similar. A total of 34 strains from G. inflate and 29 strains from G. glabra carried at least one of the genes encoding polyketide synthases, non-ribosomal peptide synthetase and FADH 2 -dependent halogenase. In the type II polyketide synthase KSa gene phylogenetic analysis, the strains were divided into two major clades: one included known spore pigment production-linked KSa sequences and other sequences were linked to the production of different types of aromatic polyketide antibiotics. Based on the antimicrobial range, the isolates that carried different KSa types were not separated from each other or from the isolates that did not carry KSa. The incongruent phylogenies of 16S rRNA and KSa genes indicated that the KSa genes were possibly horizontally transferred. In all, the liquorice plants were a rich source of biocontrol agents that may produce novel bioactive compounds.

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“…This enzyme seems to be required for the binding of HIV I particles to the cellular CD4 receptors (106).…”

Section: Terpenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2007

Planta Med

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Many compounds of plant origin have been identified that inhibit different stages in the replication cycle of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): 1) virus adsorption: chromone alkaloids (schumannificine), isoquinoline alkaloids (michellamines), sulphated polysaccharides and polyphenolics, flavonoids, coumarins (glycocoumarin, licopyranocoumarin) phenolics (caffeic acid derivatives, galloyl acid derivatives, catechinic acid derivatives), tannins and triterpenes (glycyrrhizin and analogues, soyasaponin and analogues); 2) virus-cell fusion: lectins (mannose-and N-acetylglucosamine-specific) and triterpenes (betulinic acid and analogues); 3) reverse transcription: alkaloids (benzophenanthridines, protoberberines, isoquinolines, quinolines), coumarins (calanolides and analogues), flavonoids, phloroglucinols, lactones (protolichesterinic acid), tannins, indoids (fulvoplumierin) and triterpenes; 4) integration: coumarins (3-substituted-4-hydroxycoumarins), depsidones, O-caffeoyl derivatives, lignans (anctigenin and analogues) and phenolics (curcumin); 5) translation: single chain ribosome inactivating proteins (SCRIP's); 6) proteolytic cleavage (protease inhibition):saponins (ursolic and maslinic acids), xanthones (mangostin and analogues) and coumarins; 7) glycosylation: alkaloids including indolizidines (castanospermine and analogues), piperidines (1-deoxynojirimicin and analogues) and pyrrolizidines (australine and analogues); 8) assembly/release: naphthodianthrones (hypericin and pseudohypericin), photosensitisers (terthiophenes and furoisocoumarins) and phospholipids. The target of action of several anti-HIV substances including alkaloids (O-demethyl-buchenavianine, papaverine), polysaccharides (acemannan), lignans (intheriotherins, schisantherin), phenolics (gossypol, lignins, catechol dimers such as peltatols, naphthoquinones such as conocurvone) and saponins (celasdin B, Gleditsia and Gymnocladus saponins), has not been elucidated or does not fit in the proposed scheme. Only a very few of these plant-derived anti-HIV products have been used in a limited number of patients suffering from AIDS viz. glycyrrhizin, papaverine, trichosanthin, castanospermine, N-butyl-1 -deoxynojirirnicin and acemannan.

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Mechanism of inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizin on replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Cited by 177 publications

References 16 publications

Microbial production of glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-mono-β-D-glucuronide from glycyrrhizin by Aspergillus terreus

Microbial production of glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-mono-β-D-glucuronide from glycyrrhizin by Aspergillus terreus

Isolation and antimicrobial activities of actinobacteria closely associated with liquorice plants Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Glycyrrhiza inflate BAT. in Xinjiang, China

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