Mechanism of N,N-dimethylformamide electrochemical oxidation using a Ti/RuO2–IrO2 electrode

Hu, Xuyang; Zhang, Yinghao; Fang, Baihui; Jiang, Wenqiang

doi:10.1039/d0ra10181h

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This is in close agreement with Pasalari and his co-researchers who found that no biodegradability would be promoted in terms of sCOD in the EO process when the current density reached 30-40 mA/cm 2 (Pasalari et al 2021). It is important to understand that the restriction of current density is necessary as voltage increases, heat would be dissipated leading to other side effects (Hu et al 2021). Not only that, the operating conditions of the EO pre-treatment should be applied to help in solubilizing the organic matter in order to enhance biodegradability and overcome the hydrolysis problem in AD.…”

Section: Effect Of Current Densitysupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Based on the regression equations, there was an immediate positive effect between both the independent factors and the performance of dependent variables whereby the increase in the independent variable was able to improve the performance and vice versa (Moteshaker et al 2020). Through the comparison of the coefficients among the regression equations in linear term, it helps to identify the relative impact of the variables (Hu et al 2021). In this study, the coefficient of current density (A) had achieved the highest value among the predictor variables in terms of MLVSS removal, CST reduction and sCOD increment of 14.66, 20.07 and 15.28, respectively.…”

Section: Rsm Type Ccd Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical oxidation process on palm oil mill effluent waste activated sludge: optimization by response surface methodology

Yap

Heng

2022

Water Science and Technology

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Biological-based treatment being the conventional treatment for palm oil mill effluent (POME) in open-ponding system faced a well-known rate-limiting step which is hydrolysis. In this study, electrochemical oxidation (EO) by ruthenium oxide coated titanium (Ti/RuO2) electrode was introduced as a pre-treatment for POME waste activated sludge (WAS). Surface morphology and elemental analysis were investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray, respectively. Response surface methodology type central composite design was used in this study to understand the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to validate the model of the studied variables. The correlation coefficients (R2) indicated a close agreement between experimental results and predicted values, with high R2 values of 0.9044–0.9773. Multiple response optimization suggested that the range of current density (17–27 mA/cm2) and electrolysis time (55–75 min) at a fixed concentration of sodium chloride (10 g/L), resulting in mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) removal >20%, capillary suction timer (CST) reduction >43%, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) increment <19% and soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) increment >25%. EO appears to be an efficient pre-treatment as well as practical to improve the POME WAS disintegration and dewaterability.

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Section: Effect Of Current Densitysupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Rsm Type Ccd Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical oxidation process on palm oil mill effluent waste activated sludge: optimization by response surface methodology

Yap

Heng

2022

Water Science and Technology

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“…Ir deposition could improve the uniformity and stability of RuO 2 /Ti electrodes. [105] Mixed metal oxide electrodes exhibit dense structures with higher electrocatalytic activity, [106] such as Ti/IrO 2 -RuO 2 [97,[107][108][109] , Ti/SnO 2 -RuO 2 , [110,111] Ti/RuO 2 -IrO 2 -SnO 2 , [112] Ti/RuO 2 -IrO 2 -TiO 2 [113] etc., which have been widely used in the treatment of refractory pollutants with high degradation efficiency. The Ti/SnO 2 -Sb 2 O 5 -IrO 2 -RuO 2 mixed oxide anode prepared by Liu et al [114] was used to electrochemically destruct the targeted pharmaceuticals, and the electrode showed higher OEP, lower chlorine evolution potential, larger active area, and higher stability.…”

Section: Ti/ruo 2 Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Structural Adjustment Strategies of Titanium‐Based Metal Oxide Dimensionally Stable Anodes in Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Technology

Qiu,

Wang,

Fan

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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Emerging organic pollutants and refractory pollutants in water bodies have caused severe harm to the ecological environment and human health. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) are currently one of the most effective oxidation methods to deal with refractory organic pollutants. Electrode materials serve as the most critical component in influencing the EAOP performance. Dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) have the advantages of dimensional stability, structural diversity, chemical stability, low oxygen evolution potential and long service life, etc. Herein, several types of Ti‐based metal oxide DSAs (Ti/MOx DSAs) commonly used in EAOPs in the past 5 years, including Ti/IrO2, Ti/RuO2, Ti/PbO2, Ti/Sb–SnO2, and Ti/TiO2, are introduced. The modification methods including metal doping, composition adjustment, nanostructure construction, introduction of intermediate layers, compositing with carbon materials, and formation of 3D structures as well as the applications of these modified Ti‐based DSAs in EAOP for the rapid degradation of various organic pollutants are summarized and their advantages and current shortcomings of electrodes are pointed out. Finally, the Ti‐based DSA's current limitations and future development prospects are concluded.

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“…It is noteworthy that a recent study on the mechanism of anodic oxidation of DMF using different electrodes, current density, pH and NaCl, is described in [19b] …”

Section: Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodic Oxidation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Amides, Bisamides and Related Derivatives

Becker

2024

ChemElectroChem

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The current comprehensive review covers four main parts, of which some are presented in the form of a personal account. 1. Anodic oxidation of a) N‐alkyl and N,N‐diallyl carbonyl moieties, b) Azacycloalkyl amides and the effect of ring‐size on the outcome, c) Lactams, d) Sulfonamides, and e) The effect of a substituent R attached to carbonyl (N−CO−R) or sulfonamides (N−SO2R) on their oxidation potentials. 2. Anodic oxidation of aromatic amides, in particular of type Ph2CHCONHAr, lacking hydrogen(s) at the α‐position to nitrogen. They undergo three types of bond‐cleavage, yielding a variety of fragmentation products. 3. a) Anodic oxidation of symmetrical bisamides of type ZCONH(CH2)nNHCOZ (Z=Me, Ph, Ar; n=2–4) under constant current electrolysis, in methanol. For n=3, 4 they afford mostly mono‐ and dimethoxylation products. For n=2 they undergo ′CH2−CH2′ bond cleavage to yield fragmentation products. b) Anodic oxidation of symmetrical bisamides of type ArCONH(CH2)2NHCOAr under controlled potential electrolysis, in acetonitrile, leads to gem‐unsymmetrical bisamides of type ArCONHCH2NHCOMe as the major product, in fair yields. 4. Utilization of the anodic process in organic synthesis to form C−C bonds by both intra‐ and inetrmolecular processes; as well as C−O and C−N bonds for generating heterocycles.

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Mechanism of N,N-dimethylformamide electrochemical oxidation using a Ti/RuO₂–IrO₂ electrode

Abstract: DEMS as an emerging technology was used to investigate the degradation mechanism of DMF.

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Electrochemical oxidation process on palm oil mill effluent waste activated sludge: optimization by response surface methodology

Electrochemical oxidation process on palm oil mill effluent waste activated sludge: optimization by response surface methodology

Review on Structural Adjustment Strategies of Titanium‐Based Metal Oxide Dimensionally Stable Anodes in Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Technology

Anodic Oxidation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Amides, Bisamides and Related Derivatives

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