Mechanism of glycerol oxidation reaction on silver-modified palladium electrode in alkaline medium

A review of recent developments on kinetics parameters for glycerol electrochemical conversion – A by-product of biodiesel

“…While reported Pd@Pt NCs electrode selectively produced glyceraldehyde in 0.5 M KOH and subsequently electro oxidized into glyceric acid which differs from Dai et al 2017 From CV result, Pd@Pt NCs electrode has the highest current den sity (3.22 mA cm 2 ) which is 3.5, 4.8 and 1.5 times from the con ventional Pd/C, Pt/C and Pd NCs catalysts . Gomes et al (2014) and Inoue et al (2018) have also replaced Pt with Au catalyst and Pd catalysts, respectively, to encounter the poisoning issue and silver (Ag) was introduced on their catalysts. Ag has no activity toward glycerol reactions but, the introduction of Ag on both Au and Pd catalysts has greatly enhanced the activity and selectivity of desired products at relatively low potentials (Gomes et al, 2014;Inoue et al, 2018).…”

“…Gomes et al (2014) and Inoue et al (2018) have also replaced Pt with Au catalyst and Pd catalysts, respectively, to encounter the poisoning issue and silver (Ag) was introduced on their catalysts. Ag has no activity toward glycerol reactions but, the introduction of Ag on both Au and Pd catalysts has greatly enhanced the activity and selectivity of desired products at relatively low potentials (Gomes et al, 2014;Inoue et al, 2018). Based on in situ infrared reflectance absorption spectra (IRAS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results, glycerate and glycolate were obtained as major products on both Pd and Pd (Ag/Pd) electrode at 0.1 V vs. Hg/HgO.…”

“…Based on in situ infrared reflectance absorption spectra (IRAS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results, glycerate and glycolate were obtained as major products on both Pd and Pd (Ag/Pd) electrode at 0.1 V vs. Hg/HgO. On Pd electrode, glycerate (56%) has a higher yield than glycolate (35%) while the formation of glycolate (70%) was favored than glycerate (25%) only on Pd (Ag/Pd) electrode (Inoue et al, 2018). This result revealed the modification of Ag on Pd electrode facilitated the C C bond cleavage to glycolic acid similar to the presence of Ag on Au electrode which favoring the C C C bond breaking, as evidenced by the selective formation of formic acid (Gomes et al, 2014;Inoue et al, 2018).…”

“…On Pd electrode, glycerate (56%) has a higher yield than glycolate (35%) while the formation of glycolate (70%) was favored than glycerate (25%) only on Pd (Ag/Pd) electrode (Inoue et al, 2018). This result revealed the modification of Ag on Pd electrode facilitated the C C bond cleavage to glycolic acid similar to the presence of Ag on Au electrode which favoring the C C C bond breaking, as evidenced by the selective formation of formic acid (Gomes et al, 2014;Inoue et al, 2018). It happened because of the electronic modification that will change the adsorp tion strength of adsorbates on the Au and Pd surfaces and eventu ally lead to lower onset potential.…”

Glycerol Electro-Oxidation in Alkaline Media and Alkaline Direct Glycerol Fuel Cells

“…The use of glycerol byproducts as valuable chemicals, however, is not enough to cover the increased glycerol production, owing to the increased biodiesel fuel production. A way to dispose of some of the large glycerol production is its application as a fuel for an alkaline direct alcohol fuel cell (ADAFC) [12]. The low price, highly active triol structure, high volumetric energy density, simple storage and environment-friendly properties make glycerol a promising fuel for ADAFCs.…”