Mechanism of Gallstones Formation in Women During Menopause (EPR Study)

Sanikidze, Т; Shengelia, M.I.; Chikvaidze, E; Kiparoidze, Salome; Gogebashvili, Nodar; Kuppusamy, Periannan

doi:10.2478/ctb-2014-0068

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…This might be an important step of formation of pigment gallstone. According to previously reported study [18,38], there are two ways by which bilirubin free radicals promoted the formation of pigment gallstone. A direct mechanism, by crystallization of cholesterol in polymeric network of oxidized bilirubin, and indirect mechanism, by the damages on hepatocytes, impaired the cell function, which led to the disorder of metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

New Evidences of Key Factors Involved in “Silent Stones” Etiopathogenesis and Trace Elements: Microscopic, Spectroscopic, and Biochemical Approach

Cavalu

Popa

Bratu

et al. 2015

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The knowledge of the key factors involved in etiopathogenesis of the gallstone disease requires chemical, structural, and elemental composition analysis. The application of different complementary analytical techniques, both microscopic and spectroscopic, are aimed to provide a more comprehensive determination of the gallbladder calculi ultrastructure and trace element identification. High sensitivity techniques such as electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) along with biochemical analysis are used in a new attempt to investigate various factors which play a regulatory role in the pathogenesis of gallstones. The microstructure of different types of gallbladder stones has specific characteristics which are related to the elemental composition. The binding of metal ions with bile salts and bilirubin plays important roles in gallstone formation as revealed by FTIR spectrum of calcium bilirubinate complex in pigment gallstones. The EPR results demonstrated the generation of bilirubin free radicals and variation of its electronic structure and conjugation system in the skeleton of bilirubin molecule during complex formation. EPR spectra of pigment gallstones demonstrate the coexistence of four paramagnetic centers including stable bilirubin free radical, Mn2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ with distinct magnetic parameters and well-resolved hyperfine structure in the case of Mn2+ ions. The result confirms a macromolecular network structure with proteins and the formation of bilirubin-coordinated polymer. Bilirubin and bilirubinate free radical complexes may play an important role in pigment gallstone formation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

New Evidences of Key Factors Involved in “Silent Stones” Etiopathogenesis and Trace Elements: Microscopic, Spectroscopic, and Biochemical Approach

Cavalu

Popa

Bratu

et al. 2015

Biol Trace Elem Res

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“…The stones, through various analytical instrumentations in our study, showed both filamentous, platy crystals and amorphous areas in the GS, with excessive iron and calcium. Evidence from literature abounds with information on the pronucleating factors in bile, such as N‐aminopeptidase, fibronectin, immunoglobulins, acidic glycoproteins, mucin, and lipoproteins . Cavalu et al , using a deconvolution procedure, report that the random coils may represent the dominant secondary structure of proteins that may be involved in GS pathogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and elemental mapping of gallstones using synchrotron microtomography and synchrotron X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy

et al. 2019

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Background and Aim Regional differences in gallstone (GS) composition are well documented in the Indian subcontinent. The reasons for the same are unknown. Etiopathogenesis of GS remains elusive despite advances in instrumentation. This was an in‐depth analysis of the chemical, structural, and elemental composition of GS with special reference to synchroton studies. Methods We used high‐end sensitive analytical complementary microscopic and spectroscopic methods techniques, such as X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, synchrotron X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SR‐XRF), and 2D and 3D synchrotron microtomography (SR‐μCT), to study the ultra structure and trace element composition of three major types of GS (cholesterol, mixed, and pigment). SR‐XRF quantified the trace elements in GS. Results The cholesterol GS (monohydrate and anhydrate) were crystalline, with high calcium content. The pigment GS were amorphous, featureless, black, and fragile, with high calcium bilirubinate and carbonate salts. They had the highest concentration of iron (average 31.50 ppm) and copper (average 92.73 ppm), with bacterial inclusion. The mixed stones had features of both cholesterol and pigment GS with intermediate levels of copper (average 20.8 ppm) and iron (average 17.78 ppm). Conclusion SR‐μCT has, for the first time, provided cross‐sectional computed imaging delineating the framework of GS and mineral distribution. It provided excellent mapping of cholesterol GS. SR‐XRF confirmed that pigment GS had high concentrations of copper and iron with bacterial inclusions, the latter possibly serving as a nidus to the formation of these stones.

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“…The lipid profile typically includes Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Triglycerides and Total cholesterol. [4][5][6][7] Using their values, we may also calculate Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and Cholesterol: HDL ratio. Our study is aimed in finding the lipid abnormalities in patients suffering from gallstone diseases.…”

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confidence: 99%

To Study the Assessment of Lipid Abnormalities in Patients Suffering From Gallstones

Gupta¹,

Singh²,

Gupta³

et al. 2018

jemds

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BACKGROUND 80 percent of gallstones are made of cholesterol, whereas 20 percent of gallstones are made of calcium salts and bilirubin. Gallstone diseases being common disorders might have an association with abnormal lipids. Aims and Objectives-This study is done to assess the lipid abnormalities in patients suffering from gallstone diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS The is a case control study, the sample size was taken for convenience during the study, and was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry among the healthy individuals and patients of gallstones attending the OPD of General Surgery, Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Mandhana, Kanpur (UP). The gallstones were collected after cholecystectomy. 5 mL of blood sample was collected after overnight fasting from each of the participants to measure the serum lipid parameters. Student's independent ttest was used to examine the degree of significance. P values less than 0.05 was considered significant. Limitations-Since the calculated sample size was too high and thereby not feasible to include in this limited period of study, we had to limit the sample size for convenience. RESULTS Levels of serum triglyceride and levels of VLDL are statistically significant (p < 0.05), while the levels of serum cholesterol, HDL and LDL are not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The results are depicted in different tables to compare the groups individually. CONCLUSION Although, this small sample size study concluded that there is correlation between presence of gallstones and TGs as well as VLDL, but a larger sample size study is required to further strengthen these risk factors.

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Mechanism of Gallstones Formation in Women During Menopause (EPR Study)

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

New Evidences of Key Factors Involved in “Silent Stones” Etiopathogenesis and Trace Elements: Microscopic, Spectroscopic, and Biochemical Approach

New Evidences of Key Factors Involved in “Silent Stones” Etiopathogenesis and Trace Elements: Microscopic, Spectroscopic, and Biochemical Approach

Morphological and elemental mapping of gallstones using synchrotron microtomography and synchrotron X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy

To Study the Assessment of Lipid Abnormalities in Patients Suffering From Gallstones

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