Mechanism of fracture damage induced by fracturing fluid flowback in shale gas reservoirs

You, Lijun; Xie, Benbin; Yang, Jian; Kang, Yili; Han, Hu; Wang, Liang; Yang, Bin

doi:10.1016/j.ngib.2018.12.005

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Most shale formations were deposited in sea water-rich environments and have established equilibrium of their minerals and fluids over geological time. Once these formations are exposed to engineering fluids, especially water-based fluids, the Fracture and near-fracture clay-fluid interactions (adapted from [103]).…”

Section: Mineral Dissolution and Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Geochemical and Geo-Mechanical Impact of Clay-Fluid Interactions Relevant to Hydraulic Fracturing

Awejori¹,

Radonjic²

2022

Emerging Technologies in Hydraulic Fracturing and Gas Flow Modelling

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Shale rocks are an integral part of petroleum systems. Though, originally viewed primarily as source and seal rocks, introduction of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies have essentially redefined the role of shale rocks in unconventional reservoirs. In the geological setting, the deposition, formation and transformation of sedimentary rocks are characterised by interactions between their clay components and formation fluids at subsurface elevated temperatures and pressures. The main driving forces in evolution of any sedimentary rock formation are geochemistry (chemistry of solids and fluids) and geomechanics (earth stresses). During oil and gas production, clay minerals are exposed to engineered fluids, which initiate further reactions with significant implications. Application of hydraulic fracturing in shale formations also means exposure and reaction between shale clay minerals and hydraulic fracturing fluids. This chapter presents an overview of currently available published literature on interactions between formation clay minerals and fluids in the subsurface. The overview is particularly focused on the geochemical and geomechanical impacts of interactions between formation clays and hydraulic fracturing fluids, with the goal to identify knowledge gaps and new research questions on the subject.

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Section: Mineral Dissolution and Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Geochemical and Geo-Mechanical Impact of Clay-Fluid Interactions Relevant to Hydraulic Fracturing

Awejori¹,

Radonjic²

2022

Emerging Technologies in Hydraulic Fracturing and Gas Flow Modelling

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“…In this sense, hydraulic fracturing operation also has been used to stimulate several wells producing heavy oil generating, in a particular Colombian oil field, increments in all the 43 wells intervened with this technique [14]. However, this technique has been associated with inherent damage due to the low percentage of fracturing fluid recovered in the flowback, being typically lower than 50% [15], and causing damage rate in permeabilities of even almost 98% [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation from Laboratory to Field Trial of a Dual-Purpose Fracturing Nanofluid: Inhibition of Associated Formation Damage and Increasing Heavy Crude Oil Mobility

et al. 2022

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This study aims to develop and evaluate fracturing nanofluids from the laboratory to the field trial with the dual purpose of increasing heavy crude oil mobility and reducing formation damage caused by the remaining fracturing fluid (FF). Two fumed silica nanoparticles of different sizes, and alumina nanoparticles were modified on the surface through basic and acidic treatments. The nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential and total acidity. The rheological behavior of the linear gel and the heavy crude oil after adding different chemical nature nanoparticles were measured at two concentrations of 100 and 1000 mg/L. Also, the contact angle assessed the alteration of the rock wettability. The nanoparticle with better performance was the raw fumed silica of 7 nm at 1000 mg/L. These were employed to prepare a fracturing nanofluid from a commercial FF. Both fluids were evaluated through their rheological behavior as a function of time at high pressure following the API RP39 test, and spontaneous imbibition tests were carried out to assess the FF’s capacity to modify the wettability of the porous media. It was possible to conclude that the inclusion of 7 nm commercial silica nanoparticles allowed obtaining a reduction of 10 and 20% in the two breakers used in the commercial fracture fluid formulation without altering the rheological properties of the system. Displacement tests were also performed on proppant and rock samples at reservoir conditions of overburden and pore pressures of 3200 and 1200 psi, respectively, while the temperature was set at 77 °C and the flow rate at 0.3 cm3/min. According to the effective oil permeability, a decrease of 31% in the damage was obtained. Based on these results, the fracturing nanofluid was selected and used in the first worldwide field application in a Colombian oil field with a basic sediment and water (BSW%) of 100 and without oil production. After two weeks of the hydraulic fracture operation, crude oil was produced. Finally, one year after this work, crude oil viscosity and BSW% kept showing reductions near 75% and 33%, respectively; and having passed two years, the cumulative incremental oil production is around 120,000 barrels.

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“…Hydraulic fracturing involves the injection of high-pressure fracturing fluid into the shale formation to produce a complex fracture network, facilitating the extraction of adsorbed or stored shale gas in micro and nano pores. Approximately 50% of the fracturing fluid is recovered after hydraulic fracturing and the balance is retained in the shale formation 3 . Hence, a significant volume of fracturing fluids remains in the reservoir.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of de-ionized water on changes in porosity and permeability of shales mineralogy due to clay-swelling

Zhang

Meegoda

Silva

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Hydraulic fracturing is widely applied for economical gas production from shale reservoirs. Still, the swelling of the clay micro/nano pores due to retained fluid from hydraulic fracturing causes a gradual reduction of gas production. Four different gas-bearing shale samples with different mineralogical characteristics were investigated to study the expected shale swelling and reduction in gas permeability due to hydraulic fracturing. To simulate shale softening, these shale samples were immersed in deionized (DI) water heated to 100 °C temperature and subjected to 8 MPa pressure in a laboratory reactor for 72 hours to simulate shale softening. The low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and density measurements were performed on the original and treated shale to determine the changes in micro and nano pore structure. The micro and nano pore structures changed, and the porosity decreased after shale treatment. The porosity decreased by 4% for clayey shale, while for well-cemented shale the porosity only decreased by 0.52%. The findings showed that the initial mineralogical composition of shale plays a significant role in the change of micro and nano pores and the pore structure alteration due to retained fluid from hydraulic fracturing. A pore network model is used to simulate the permeability of shale used in this study. To define pore structure properties, specific factors such as porosity, pore size, pore throat distribution, and coordination number were used. Furthermore, the anisotropy characteristics of shale were integrated into the model via a coordination number ratio. Finally, the change in permeability due to shale softening was determined and compared with untreated with the progress of shale softening. The simulation showed that the permeability of Longmaxi shale could decrease from 3.82E–16 m2 to 4.71E–17 m2 after treatment.

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Mechanism of fracture damage induced by fracturing fluid flowback in shale gas reservoirs

Cited by 36 publications

References 23 publications

Review of Geochemical and Geo-Mechanical Impact of Clay-Fluid Interactions Relevant to Hydraulic Fracturing

Review of Geochemical and Geo-Mechanical Impact of Clay-Fluid Interactions Relevant to Hydraulic Fracturing

Development and Evaluation from Laboratory to Field Trial of a Dual-Purpose Fracturing Nanofluid: Inhibition of Associated Formation Damage and Increasing Heavy Crude Oil Mobility

Impact of de-ionized water on changes in porosity and permeability of shales mineralogy due to clay-swelling

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