Mechanism of Estrogen Effect on Nasal Mucosa in Atrophic Rhinitis; Successful Treatment with Prostigmin

Soskin, Samuel; Bernheimer, L. B.

doi:10.3181/00379727-42-10855p

Cited by 16 publications

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“…In 1986 its genetic structure was cloned and defined by Green et al In 1994, the report of a patient having a genetic mutation with absence of the receptor alpha (ER-α), and showed changes such as osteoporosis and decreased fertility, annulled the hypothesis that the lack of estrogen receptor alpha could be lethal .This fact led to the discovery of a second type of receptor, called beta (ER-β) by Kuiper et al in 1996. Thus, several studies have followed regarding the existence of these two isoforms, with high specificity and affinity in humans, a phenomenon which allows the selective action of the hormone in different tissues (Fchsjauger-mayrl et al, 2002;Gruber et al, 2004;Katzenellenbogen et al, 2000;Kian et al, 2004;Millas et al, 2010;Mosselman, 1996;Soskin and Bernheimer, 1939 ;Taylor and Azzawi, 2000;Tiwari-Woodruff et al, 2007). In this article we will discuss the mechanisms of action of estrogen receptors, due to its importance in tissue growth, differentiation and metabolism in reproductive organs and in other non-reproductive organs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UPDATE ON THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ESTROGEN RECEPTORS. Actualización sobre el mecanismo de acción de los receptores estrogénicos

Millas

Liquidato

Barros

2016

Rev Arg de Anat Clin

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Los mecanismos de acción de los receptores estrogénicos (ER) han sido estudiados debido a sus importantes funciones en el crecimiento celular y la diferenciación de varios órganos y tejidos, relacionados o no con la reproducción. Como en otros procesos regulatorios, los mecanismos de ligados a receptor son cruciales para permitir la acción de los estrógenos que finalmente producirían efectos en el metabolismo celular. Aunque muy estudiados, los mecanismos de acción de los receptores estrogénicos no han sido completamente desentrañados. El presente estudio es una revisión de la literatura sobre el mecanismo de acción de ER ? y ER ? en el cuerpo humano. El conocimiento de la localización y concentraciones de ER en diferentes tejidos es esencial para determinar tratamientos específicos para diferentes patologías, tales como cáncer de mama. Más aún, en tejidos no reproductivos, tales como la mucosa de los cornetes nasales, la presencia de ER ? y ER ? podría explicar las variaciones en la actividad secretora acorde con la variación hormonal. También se consideran las acciones ER neuroproductivas y antinflamatorias en el sistema nervioso central al igual que su función de respuesta alérgica en el epitelio de la conjuntiva y podrían aplicarse a otros estudios referidos al diagnóstico, desarrollo de drogas y el tratamiento de diferentes enfermedades asociados a acciones hormonales. The action mechanisms of estrogen receptors (ER) have been studied due to their important functions in cellular growth and differentiation in several organs and tissues, either or not directly related to reproduction. As in other regulatory processes, the mechanisms of receptor ligand binding are crucial to enable the action of the estrogen hormone that will ultimately produce effects in the cellular metabolism. Although extensively studied, the mechanisms of action of estrogen receptors are not completely unraveled. The present study is a literature review on the mechanism of action of the ER ? and ER ? in the human body. The knowledge of the location and concentrations of the ER in different tissues is essential to determine specific treatments for different pathologies, such as breast cancer. Moreover, in nonreproductive tissues, such as the nasal conchae mucosa, the presence of ER ? and ER ? may explain the variations in secretory activity of the nasal mucosa according to hormonal variability. ER neuro-protective and anti-inflammatory actions in the central nervous system, as well as its allergic-response function in the epithelium of the conjunctiva are also considered and may apply to other studies concerning the diagnosis, drugs development and clinical treatments of different diseases, related to hormonal actions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UPDATE ON THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ESTROGEN RECEPTORS. Actualización sobre el mecanismo de acción de los receptores estrogénicos

Millas

Liquidato

Barros

2016

Rev Arg de Anat Clin

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Estrogens and Their Effect on Ciliated Mucosa

Boyd¹,

Clark²,

Perry³

1941

Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

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The nature of a relationship between the nasopharyngeal mucosa and the gonads is a question which has attracted the attention of investigators now and then from the time of Hippocrates to the present.1a Apart from some observations on the connection between epistaxis and cyclic activity of the uterine mucosa, the problem had little practical interest for members of the medical profession until Mortimer, Wright and Collip lb reported observations which linked atrophic rhinitis and ozena to a pituitary dystrophy and encouraging results from the treatment of patients with such conditions by nasal insufflation of estrogenic material. Later, further encouraging results were reported from the Montreal clinic 1c on the use of this type of therapy in the treatment of patients for "constitutional deafness."Confirmation of the beneficial effects of estrogenic topical therapy in cases of atrophic rhinitis was obtained by Blaisdell2 and, less enthusiFrom the

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Prostigmine Therapy of Atrophic Rhinitis

Henner¹,

Busby²

1943

Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

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Recent literature has pointed to new trends in the treatment of atrophic rhinitis. Soskin and Bernheimer 1 have pointed out that the good results reported with the use of estrogenic substances in the treatment of atrophic rhinitis were due to the secondary hyperemia associated with direct nasal application of estrogens. They expressed the belief that the primary hormonal effects were not the essential factor and used prostigmine methylsulfate successfully to produce a prolonged hyperemia in patients with atrophic rhinitis. Whether the pathologic change of atrophic rhinitis is primary, as the so-called ozena, or secondary in type, resulting from infection, the atrophy is dependent on limitation of the blood supply. The other changes, such as mucoid degeneration of the epithelium with later squamification, periglandular lymphocytic infiltration, glandular proliferation and diminution in volume of tissue, are directly and indirectly related to the local changes in blood volume. In ozena the obliterative endarteritis brings these changes, whereas in secondary atrophic rhinitis the inflammatory changes may bring about hyalinization of the walls of the blood vessels, with diminution of blood supply and resultant atrophy.Having observed these pathologic changes, one of us (R. H.) in 1936 began the use of mecholyl in an attempt to stimulate blood supply. Because of the extensive side reactions associated with the use of this drug, such as salivation, tachycardia and flushing, and because the beneficial effects were fleeting, the method was dis¬ carded. However, in 1 case, that of a Mexican girl aged 12, whose entire family had typical primary ozena, excellent results were achieved. At the time it was felt that the lasting results were effected because of the relatively early stage of the disease and the reactivity of a child's tissues.We felt that perhaps prostigmine, a parasympathetic stimulant with more pro¬ longed effects, might give better results. The question always arose as to whether the treatment of atrophie rhinitis resulted in real improvement or merely in greater comfort through rigorous care. In order to measure objective improvement in patients with atrophie rhinitis we decided to study a series of cases under good control in which prostigmine methylsulfate therapy was employed and to use the nasal temperature as an objective measure for determining the effect of treatment. It was felt that with the widening of the nasal chambers present in atrophie rhinitis the temperature in typical cases would be substantially below the normal nasal temperature. We believed also that if therapy aimed at increasing blood supply was effective this would be reflected by an increase in the nasal temperature.From the Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary.Ampules of prostigmine methylsulfate (1:2,000), 1 cc., were supplied for this study by Hoffmann

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Mechanism of Estrogen Effect on Nasal Mucosa in Atrophic Rhinitis; Successful Treatment with Prostigmin

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

UPDATE ON THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ESTROGEN RECEPTORS. Actualización sobre el mecanismo de acción de los receptores estrogénicos

UPDATE ON THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ESTROGEN RECEPTORS. Actualización sobre el mecanismo de acción de los receptores estrogénicos

Estrogens and Their Effect on Ciliated Mucosa

Prostigmine Therapy of Atrophic Rhinitis

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