Mechanism of enhancement of eccrine sweating by localized heating.

MacIntyre, B A; Bullard, Robert W.; Banerjee, M.; Elizondo, R. S.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1968.25.3.255

Cited by 46 publications

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“…For example, local sweat output is facilitated by elevated local skin temperature (McINTYRE et al,1968;NADEL et al, 1971a, b), by promoting the release of transmitter substance per neural impulse at the neuro-glandular junction (McINTYRE et al, 1968) and probably by increasing the sensitivity of glanduralr cells to the substance (OGAWA, 1970). Furthermore, sweat output tends to decline with skin wetting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of central sudomotor mechanism estimated by frequency of sweat expulsions.

Sugenoya

Ogawa

1985

Jpn.J.Physiol

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Each of six male subjects was exposed during rest to at least ten different thermal environments (Ta, rh, 40%). Local sweat rates from both forearms were continuously recorded in a steady state of each exposure, using capacitance hygrometry. In the absence of spontaneous sweating, localized sweating was induced by intradermal administration of pilocarpine. Sweat expulsions synchronous at the two test areas were counted and their frequency (Fsw) was calculated. For each of additive and multiplicative combinations of Tcore (Tre, Tty) and Ts, the best combination for estimation of thermal input to the sudomotor center was determined using multiple regression analysis. Approximately 0.75 Tre+0.25 Ts or 0.85 Tty+0. 15 Ts, and (Tre-36.33) (Ts-33.13) or (Tty-36.42) (Ts-32.24) were obtained for the additive and multiplicative combinations, respectively. The correlation coefficient (r) for the relationship of Fsw to the obtained best combination, either additive or multiplicative, and that of Fsw to Tb were almost comparable to each other. It is considered that Tb can be used as an approximation of thermal input and that the characteristics of frequency of sweat expulsion is a useful index for determining whether and how much the central sudomotor mechanism is involved in the change of sweat rate in response to various thermal and non-thermal stresses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of central sudomotor mechanism estimated by frequency of sweat expulsions.

Sugenoya

Ogawa

1985

Jpn.J.Physiol

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“…The Q10 of sweat gland activity was calculated to be 3 (subject range 2.6-3.5), while the value calculated from the data of BULLARD et al (1970) ranged between 2 and 5. As for its mechanism, MACINTYRE et al (1968) maintained that transmitter substance released per neural impulse at the neuroglandular junction is increased by local heating. One of the present authors (OGAWA, 1970) showed that the threshold concentration of an intradermally injected sudorific agent for inducing local sweating is reduced by local heating in a cool environment.…”

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Quantitative analysis of the local effect of skin temperature on sweating.

Ogawa

Asayama

1986

Jpn.J.Physiol

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Summary Effects of local skin temperature on sweat gland activity were analyzed quantitatively by measuring changes in the rates of thermal sweating and of drug-induced sweating by local heating. The data indicates that a rise in local temperature causes an accelerated increase in the rate of sweat production, the Q10 being around 2.5 regardless of the basal sweat rate with some individual variations. Local heating apparently facilitates transmitter release at the neuroglandular junction and augments glandular responsiveness, their significances being comparable.Key words : sweating, sweat gland activity, local skin temperature.The activity of eccrine sweat glands is controlled largely by centrally-derived sudomotor neural activity, but may be modified by local conditions. It has been shown that the rise in local skin temperature caused accelerated increments in local sweat rate: NADAL et al. (1971) proposed a model describing major influences on local sweat rate, where the effect of local skin temperature was determined to be exponential. The Q10 of sweat gland activity was calculated to be 3 (subject range 2.6-3.5), while the value calculated from the data of BULLARD et al. (1970) ranged between 2 and 5. As for its mechanism, MACINTYRE et al. (1968) maintained that transmitter substance released per neural impulse at the neuroglandular junction is increased by local heating. One of the present authors (OGAWA, 1970) showed that the threshold concentration of an intradermally injected sudorific agent for inducing local sweating is reduced by local heating in a cool environment. It was also demonstrated that local heating caused localized increase in the rate of druginduced sweating on an area under nerve block as well as in a cool environment (OGAWA and BULLARD, 1970). These observations suggest that the responsiveness of glandular cells to a given amount of transmitter substance is affected by local temperature.The present study was proposed to reevaluate quantitatively the sweat-facili-

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“…Previous research has indicated that a rise in T skin caused an increase in sweat production via greater neurotransmitter release or an increase in the cholinergic sensitivity of sweat glands [1][2][3][4]. Collectively, this research suggests that a rise in neurotransmitter release is responsible for increases in sweat production at high T skin , though glandular sensitivity is affected at low T skin (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Little research has been performed to answer this question, but two main possibilities have been suggested. First, an increase in local T skin results in a greater release of sudomotor neurotransmitter, causing a greater sweat response [1,2]. Second, sweat glands may exhibit an enhanced sensitivity to a given neurotransmitter following a rise in local T skin [3,4].…”

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Effect of Skin Temperature on the Cholinergic Sensitivity of the Human Eccrine Sweat Gland

DiPasquale

Buono

Kolkhorst

2003

JJP

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Although sweat gland activity is directly controlled by the central nervous system (CNS), which detects changes in core body temperature, sweat glands can also be influenced by local conditions. For example, an increase in local skin temperature (T skin ) results in increased sweating. However, the mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. Little research has been performed to answer this question, but two main possibilities have been suggested. First, an increase in local T skin results in a greater release of sudomotor neurotransmitter, causing a greater sweat response [1,2]. Second, sweat glands may exhibit an enhanced sensitivity to a given neurotransmitter following a rise in local T skin [3,4]. Qualitative observations on two subjects tested by Ogawa [3] suggested that increasing T skin from approximately 23 to 36°C resulted in a decreased amount of pilocarpine or acetylcholine needed to induce a noticeable sweating response. Similar results were found in the same study when T skin was increased from 26 to 29.5 and then to 32°C on one subject. Follow-up work on four subjects by Ogawa and Asayama [4] indicated that an increase in T skin from approximately 37 to 42°C increased the rate of pilocarpine-induced sweat production. Although the small sample sizes prevented statistical analysis, these collective results suggested that local heating fa- Japanese Journal of Physiology, 53, 427-430, 2003 Key words: skin temperature, sweat glands, neurotransmitter, cholinergic sensitivity, pilocarpine iontophoresis.Abstract: Although sweat gland activity is directly controlled by the central nervous system, which detects changes in core body temperature, sweat glands can also be influenced by local cutaneous thermal conditions. Objective: The present study sought to determine the effect of local skin temperature on pilocarpine-induced sweating within a range of typical skin temperatures. Methods: Thirteen subjects (30Ϯ6 years; 172Ϯ 11 cm; 72.8Ϯ11.0 kg) had forearm sweat rates measured at rest following pilocarpine iontophoresis at each of three skin temperatures in randomized order: warm (T warm ϭ37.1Ϯ0.9°C), control (T con ϭ32.3Ϯ1.4°C), and cool (T cool ϭ 26.6Ϯ1.3°C). T skin was raised and lowered with an electric heating pad and gel ice pack, respectively. Forearm T skin was measured with a skin temperature probe. Pilocarpine iontophoresis was used on an approximately 7 cm 2 area of the anterior forearm to stimulate localized sweating. Following stimulation, sweat was collected from the area for 15 min with a Macroduct Sweat Collection System. Results: There was a higher sweat rate at T warm (pϭ0.001) and T con (pϭ0.006) compared to that at T cool . However, there was no difference between the sweat rate at T warm and that at T con (pϭ0.127). Conclusion: These results indicated that skin temperatures below approximately 32°C affect local sweat production primarily by altering glandular sensitivity to the neurotransmitter, whereas skin temperatures above approximately 32°C predominantly affect neurotransmitte...

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Mechanism of enhancement of eccrine sweating by localized heating.

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Characteristics of central sudomotor mechanism estimated by frequency of sweat expulsions.

Characteristics of central sudomotor mechanism estimated by frequency of sweat expulsions.

Quantitative analysis of the local effect of skin temperature on sweating.

Effect of Skin Temperature on the Cholinergic Sensitivity of the Human Eccrine Sweat Gland

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