Mechanism of Efficacy of Erythromycin on Diffuse Panbronchiolitis

Akiyoshi, Hiroya; Honda, Junichi; Nakahara, Shin; Tokisawa, Shiro; Tokunaga, Naoto; Ichikawa, Yoichiro; Ōizumi, Kōtaro

doi:10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.68.209

Cited by 5 publications

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“…The neutrophil count in BAL samples of patients with DPB correlates to the concentrations of IL-1beta and IL-8 ( 48 ). ERM reduces IL-1beta concentrations in BAL samples of patients with DPB which leads to a subsequent reduction of IL-8 concentrations and a decrease in neutrophil count and neutrophil chemotactic activity ( 44 – 48 , 63 ). Furthermore, ERM treatment also results in a decrease in lymphocyte count, IL-2, interferon-gamma, and to increase in CD4/CD8 ratio, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in BAL samples of patients with DPB ( 43 ).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunomodulatory Effects of Macrolides—A Systematic Review of the Underlying Mechanisms

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe mechanisms underlying the non-antimicrobial immunomodulatory properties of macrolides are not well understood.ObjectivesTo systematically review the evidence for the immunomodulatory properties of macrolides in humans and to describe the underlying mechanism and extent of their influence on the innate and adaptive immune system.MethodsA systematic literature search was done in MEDLINE using the OVID interface from 1946 to December 2016 according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA). Original articles investigating the influence of four macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, and roxithromycin) on immunological markers in humans were included.ResultsWe identified 22 randomized, controlled trials, 16 prospective cohort studies, and 8 case–control studies investigating 47 different immunological markers (186 measurements) in 1,834 participants. The most frequently reported outcomes were a decrease in the number of neutrophils, and the concentrations of neutrophil elastase, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, eosinophilic cationic protein, and matrix metalloproteinase 9. Inhibition of neutrophil function was reported more frequently than eosinophil function. A decrease in T helper (Th) 2 cells cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6) was reported more frequently than a decrease in Th1 cytokines (IL-2, INF-gamma).ConclusionMacrolides influence a broad range of immunological mechanisms resulting in immunomodulatory effects. To optimize the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases by macrolides, further studies are necessary, particularly comparing different macrolides and dose effect relationships.

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