Mechanism of conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid formation in human faecal suspensions and pure cultures of intestinal bacteria

Abstract

Faecal bacteria from four human donors and six species of human intestinal bacteria known to metabolize linoleic acid (LA) were incubated with LA in deuterium oxide-enriched medium to investigate the mechanisms of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and vaccenic acid (VA) formation. The main CLA products in faecal suspensions, rumenic acid (cis-9,trans-11-CLA; RA) and trans-9,trans-11-CLA, were labelled at C-13, as were other 9,11 geometric isomers. Traces of trans-10,cis-12-CLA formed were labelled to a much lower extent. In pure culture, Bifidobacterium breve NCFB 2258 formed labelled RA and trans-9,trans-11-CLA, while Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 16.4, Roseburia hominis A2-183 T , Roseburia inulinivorans A2-192 T and Ruminococcus obeumlike strain A2-162 converted LA to VA, labelled in a manner indicating that VA was formed via C-13-labelled RA. Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii DSM 4902 T , a possible probiotic, formed mainly RA with smaller amounts of trans-10,cis-12-CLA and trans-9,trans-11-CLA, labelled the same as in the mixed microbiota. Ricinoleic acid (12-OH-cis-9-18 : 1) did not form CLA in the mixed microbiota, in contrast to CLA formation described for Lactobacillus plantarum. These results were similar to those reported for the mixed microbiota of the rumen. Thus, although the bacterial genera and species responsible for biohydrogenation in the rumen and the human intestine differ, and a second route of RA formation via a 10-OH-18 : 1 is present in the intestine, the overall labelling patterns of different CLA isomers formation are common to both gut ecosystems. A hydrogen-abstraction enzymic mechanism is proposed that may explain the role of a 10-OH-18 : 1 intermediate in 9,11-CLA formation in pure and mixed cultures.

Dairy Propionibacteria: Less Conventional Probiotics to Improve the Human and Animal Health

“…freudenreichii) [96,97] and cutaneous propionibacteria (P. acnes) [98] produce cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12, the major isomers with biological activity, on different growth media: culture broths [97], lipid containing plant materials [99], milk and ripening cheese [100].…”

Catalytic Production of Conjugated Fatty Acids and Oils

“…However, there are large differences between the different bacteria tested in CLA productivity and in the formation of its hydrogenated form, that is, vaccenic acid (t11 C18:1). [66] Also, there is considerable interspecies variation, and thus each strain has its own specificity and productivity. [67] Table 3 summarizes representative microorganisms that were tested for their ability to produce CLAs.…”

Conjugated Linoleic and Linolenic Acid Production by Bacteria: Development of Functional Foods

“…A different mechanism of CLA production via 10-OH-C18:1 seems to be the most common pathway in human intestine bacteria according to McIntosh et al (2009) [64], who evidenced this metabolic pathway in Roseburia, Ruminococcus and other intestinal strains.…”