Mechanism of Compensatory Growth with Changing Levels of Dietary Lysine from Deficient to Sufficient in Pigs

Abstract

This review describes our studies on compensatory growth, specifically the growth that occurs after dietary lysine deficiency is changed to sufficiency. We found that dietary lysine sufficiency induced compensatory growth in pigs after dietary lysine deficiency. We also showed that compensatory growth of pigs induced by dietary lysine sufficiency was partly attributed to greater N retention. In a rat model, both suppression of proteolysis and increased protein synthesis in skeletal muscle contributed to their compensatory growth with lysine sufficiency. Finally, our in vitro studies with cultured skeletal muscle cells revealed that the compensatory growth in these cells was induced by increased lysine levels in combination with the modulation of insulin-like growth factor-I and glucocorticoid levels. This suggested that compensatory growth in pigs and rats with lysine sufficiency was due to both increased serum lysine levels and changes in the levels of hormones involved in protein synthesis and degradation.

Influence of various levels of milk by-products in weaner diets on growth performance, blood urea nitrogen, diarrhea incidence, and pork quality of weaning to finishing pigs

“…Tokach et al [ 18 ] also reported that different levels of milk by-product (0% or 40%) in weaning pig diets produced significant differences in growth performance only during the weaning period and any significant difference was not observed in growth performance during the growing-finishing. Also, growth retardation due to nutrient limitation in weaning pigs induced compensated growth of growing-finishing pigs resulting in similar BW at the end of finishing period [ 19 , 20 ]. Weaning pigs with low growth rate due to limited nutrient intake recovered the normal growth rate compared with other pigs on the same nutritional supply [ 21 ].…”

“…Weaning pigs with low growth rate due to limited nutrient intake recovered the normal growth rate compared with other pigs on the same nutritional supply [ 21 ]. Ishida et al [ 20 ] reported that compensatory growth of pigs induced by lysine sufficiency was partly attributed to greater N retention which increased protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. In this way, pigs fed low milk by-product diet had growth retardation compared with pigs fed high milk by-product diet, however, compensated growth occurred in growing-finishing period.…”