Mechanism of Body Temperature Changes After Burns and Other Injuries

Stoner, H. B.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1968.tb14725.x

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…An increase in T, always occurs when uninjured, furred 200 C acclimated rats are exposed to ambient temperatures of 0-5°C (Stoner, 1958(Stoner, , 1968. The present results, showing the increases at different Tas (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The lower threshold for the onset of shivering in the injured rat explains the rapid fall in core temperature when it is exposed to an environmental temperature below the normal threshold (Haist, 1960;Stoner, 1958Stoner, , 1968 and present experiments, Fig. 5).…”

Section: Shivering Thermogenesis In the Ratmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…However, the increases were much larger once shivering had begun. (Green & Stoner, 1950;Haist, 1960;Stoner, 1961 (Stoner, 1958(Stoner, , 1968Haist, 1960). As pointed out under 'Methods' the time taken to reduce Ta from 20 to 00 C in 50 C steps was such that the test was completed before T, in the injured rats had fallen below 300 C as then the hypothermia begins to inhibit the shivering (Hemingway, 1963).…”

Section: Body Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of injury on shivering thermogenesis in the rat

Stoner¹

1971

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Shivering in response to changes in ambient or core temperature has been measured in control rats and rats injured by bilateral hind-limb ischaemia, both with and without fur.2. Removal of the fur increased the threshold ambient temperature for the onset of shivering.3. This threshold was lower than in uninjured controls during the latter half of a 4 hr period of bilateral hind-limb ischaemia in rats with or without fur.4. The threshold was also lower than in uninjured controls after the period of bilateral hind-limb ischaemia but was not significantly different from that during the period of ischaemia.5. The alterations in threshold were not accompanied by any significant changes in the slope of the regression line relating intensity of shivering and ambient temperature.6. When the core temperature fell after limb ischaemia to levels which provoked shivering in uninjured controls, no shivering was seen in the injured rats.7. These results are interpreted as further evidence for the lowering of the 'set-point' for thermogenesis after injury in the rat and are discussed in relation to the changes in body temperature after injury in that species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Shivering Thermogenesis In the Ratmentioning

confidence: 48%

Section: Body Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of injury on shivering thermogenesis in the rat

Stoner¹

1971

The Journal of Physiology

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“…This probably accounts for the differences between their responses and those of the tropically adapted (Ta = 28°C) rats used by Grayson & Mendel (1956) in which TL fell when T. was reduced below the thermoneutral zone. In our rats T, and T,, always rose when Ta was lowered from 300 C towards 00 C (Stoner, 1958(Stoner, , 1968(Stoner, , 1971.…”

Section: Effect Of Environmental Temperature On Liver Blood Flowmentioning

confidence: 69%

The role of the liver in non‐shivering thermogenesis in the rat

Stoner¹

1973

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The temperatures of the liver and afferent aortic and portal blood were measured in 200 C acclimated rats at different environmental temperatures (Ta) between 20 and 370 C. The heated-thermocouple technique was used to measure the metabolic heat production of the liver, its blood flow, and to correct the temperature difference between it and the reference junction for blood flow.2. The temperature of the liver was higher than that of the afferent blood. On raising Ta from 20 to 300 C the liver temperature fell and the temperature difference between the liver and the aortic blood was reduced despite the decrease in the thermal gradient between the liver and the exterior and a small reduction in hepatic blood flow. A further rise in Ta to 370 C led to an increase in the liver and blood temperatures. The same pattern was seen when the temperature differences were corrected for blood flow.3. Metabolic heat production in the liver decreased when Ta was raised from 20 to 300 C.4. In a 200 C environment inhibition of non-shivering thermogenesis with propranolol HCl (10 mg/kg body wt. i.v.) led to a fall in the temperature of the liver and its metabolic heat production towards levels found in untreated rats at Ta = 300 C. Consequently, in treated rats the change in metabolic heat production on raising Ta to 300 C was less than in untreated ones.5. These results are interpreted as evidence for the participation of the liver in thermoregulatory non-shivering thermogenesis.

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“…Burn patients may shiver to maintain a normal temperature in the face of this extreme heat loss. Heat loss and caloric requirements can be decreased dramatically by covering the skin of burned patients with impermeable membranes to decrease evaporative losses [41][42][43].Debility. Case reports have suggested that hypothermia may occur in patients with debilitating illnesses such as Hodgkin's disease [44], systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [45], or severe cardiac, renal, hepatic, or septic failure.…”

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confidence: 99%

Disorders of Temperature Control: Hypothermia, Part III

Curley

Irwin

1986

J Intensive Care Med

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Hypothermia, defined as a body core temperature below 35°C, results from exposure to cold, drugs, metabolic dysfunction, or nervous system or skin disorders. The diagnosis and clinical assessment of patients with hypothermia should be based on a thorough knowledge of the characteristic physiologic changes that accompany hypothermia and affect all organ systems. Morbidity and mortality resulting from hypothermia may be reduced when physicians anticipate the well-known complications of hypothermia and carefully rewarm the patient.The rate and method of rewarming must be individualized, taking into account available resources and the patient's cardiopulmonary status and underlying disease.In Parts I and II of this review, the normal physiology of temperature regulation and three hvperthermic syndromes-heat stroke, malignant hyperthermia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome-were reviewed. This section focuses on unintentional hypothermia and reviews in detail its pathogenesis, pathophysiologic factors, diagnosis, and management. Iatrogenic and intentional hypothermia in the perioperative setting is briefly discussed.Hypothermia, defined as a core temperature below 35°C, is not uncommon; it occurs at all ambient temperatures and in patients of all ages, although more commonly in the elderly. During the winter in Great Britain, 0.7% of all hospital admissions [1], 3% of elderly patients admitted [2], and at least 10% of otherwise healthy elderly individuals examined at home [3] had core temperatures in the hypothermic range. Review of death certificates in the United States reveals an average mortality rate for hypothermia of 0.22 per 100,000 individuals; white women have the lowest rates, and nonwhite men, the highest [4]. When all data are reviewed, the overall mortality from hypothermia in the United States has been conservatively estimated at 17 deaths per million of the general population peryear {5]. The mortality rate for treated hypothermia ranges from 12% [6] to 73% [7]. Cause and PathogenesisAlthough hypothermia can occur in all climates, at nearly all ambient temperatures, and at every age, the most frequent causes (vide infra) appear to be exposure, use of depressant drugs, and hypoglycemia. The elderly, because of a &dquo;normal&dquo; impairment of regulatory function, constitute a large portion of the patients who become hypothermic. A brief review of the causes of hypothermia (Table 1) at UNIVERSITE LAVAL on July 1, 2015 jic.sagepub.com Downloaded from 271 Table 1. Causes of Hypothermia and their pathogenesis will help develop a rational approach to treatment.Exposure to Cold Fatal hypothermia occurs frequently, even in the healthy young adult who simply has been overexposed to the elements. Wet, wind, and exhaustion contribute to increased loss of body heat. Wet clothing loses 90% of its insulating value [8], rendering soaked individuals effectively nude. Exposure to rain or snow was believed to contribute greatly to the development of hypothermia in 15 of 23 incidents in hikers discussed in one rev...

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Mechanism of Body Temperature Changes After Burns and Other Injuries

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of injury on shivering thermogenesis in the rat

Effect of injury on shivering thermogenesis in the rat

The role of the liver in non‐shivering thermogenesis in the rat

Disorders of Temperature Control: Hypothermia, Part III

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