Mechanism of anomalous ion generation in vacuum arcs

Mesyats, G. A.; Barengolts, S. A.

doi:10.1070/pu2002v045n10abeh001247

Cited by 58 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…This discrete EDMP model is in a good agreement with the similar model of explosive electron emission (EEE) developed by Mesyats [2,3]. According to the EDMP model, the motive force of erosion, mass transfer, and portioning is the electron packet, and in the EEE model this role is assigned to the discrete electron avalanche named ecton.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Mesyats [2,3] has refined this by introducing the discrete electron avalanche (named ecton), which is born during the explosion of liquid metal bridges. Ecton can be regarded as the main motive force of mass transfer under breaking/shorting of the contacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surface erosion of magnetically operated hermetical contacts (reed switches or RS) [1] occurring under the commutation of electrical current is similar in many respects to the processes taking place in the course of explosive electron emission, arc and spark discharges [2,3], electrical discharge machining and doping [4,5], surface modification by pulse discharges [6][7][8][9], and high-intensity ion, plasma, and laser irradiation of materials [10,11]. There are currently no generally recognized models explaining these processes, since they occur under non-equilibrium conditions, in limited volumes, and during short time intervals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Erosion of Low-Current Reed Switches

Zeltser

Karpov²,

Моос

et al. 2017

Coatings

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Abstract:The erosion model of the surface coatings of reed switches considering different physicochemical processes occurring on the contact surfaces and inside the inter-electrode gap was proposed. According to that, the discrete electron avalanche (ecton) introduced in the explosive electron emission theory by Mesyats is considered as the main motive force responsible for the surface modification and mass transfer of materials in the course of breaking/shorting of the contacts. By means of SEM imaging and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis of the contact surfaces after various numbers of switching cycles, the energy threshold of the ecton generation defining the erosion stability of the coatings was found to be proportional to the specific sublimation and ionization energies of coating materials. It has been shown that the total erosion of the coatings on the working surface of the contacts after the commutation test possess the resultant character; i.e., the specificities of erosion occurring after each commutation event are characteristic for the whole of the commutation test. In further development of our model, we suggested that a few monolayers of metals (or alloys) with low ionization potential deposited on the main coatings can improve the erosion stability of contacts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Erosion of Low-Current Reed Switches

Zeltser

Karpov²,

Моос

et al. 2017

Coatings

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“…The ecton concept explains a number of basic characteristics of the vacuum arc. Mesyats and Barengol'ts [25] presented a calculation of ion erosion rates based on the ecton theory. Using only parameters of the cathode material and mean ion charge states from different publications as input parameters, and assuming α i = 0.1, they found good agreement between their results and experimental erosion rates by Daalder [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of the total ion flux from vacuum arc cathode spots

Anders

Окс

Yushkov

et al. 2005

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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-The ion flux from vacuum arc cathode spots was measured in two vacuum arc systems. The first was a vacuum arc ion source which was modified allowing us to collect ions from arc plasma streaming through an anode mesh. The second discharge system essentially consisted of a cathode placed near the center of a spherically shaped mesh anode. In both systems, the ion current streaming through the mesh was measured by a biased collector. The mesh anodes had geometric transmittances of 60% and 72%, respectively, which were taken into account as correction factors. The ion current from different cathode materials was measured for 50-500 A of arc current. The ion current normalized by the arc current was found to depend on the cathode material, with values in the range from 5% to 19%. The normalized ion current was generally greater for elements of low cohesive energy. The ion erosion rates were determined from values of ion current and ion charge states, which were previously measured in the same ion source. The absolute ion erosion rates ranged from 16-173 µg/C.

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“…A two-fluid hydrodynamic model developed by Mesyats [43] considers a cathode flare of ions with mean charge state 〈Q〉 adiabatically expanding after explosive formation of an "ecton". The model predicts a plasma expansion velocity at large distance from the cathode spot given by…”

Section: A Vacuum Arc Ion Drift Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacuum arc ion sources: recent developments and applications

Brown

Окс

2005

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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The vacuum arc ion source has evolved over the past twenty years into a standard laboratory tool for the production of high current beams of metal ions, and is now used in a number of different embodiments at many laboratories around the world. The primary application of this kind of source has evolved to be ion implantation for material surface modification. Another important use is for injection of high current beams of heavy metal ions into the front ends of particle accelerators, and much excellent work has been carried out in recent years in optimizing the source for reliable accelerator application. The source also provides a valuable tool for the investigation of the fundamental plasma physics of vacuum arc plasma discharges. As the use of the source has grown and diversified, at the same time the ion source performance and operational characteristics have been improved in a variety of different ways also. Here we review the growth and status of vacuum arc ion sources around the world, and summarize some of the applications for which the sources have been used. _________________________Index Terms -Ion source, vacuum arc, cathode spot, metal ion beam, ion implantation 1

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Mechanism of anomalous ion generation in vacuum arcs

Cited by 58 publications

References 64 publications

Surface Erosion of Low-Current Reed Switches

Surface Erosion of Low-Current Reed Switches

Measurements of the total ion flux from vacuum arc cathode spots

Vacuum arc ion sources: recent developments and applications

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