“…Polynuclear bismuth oxido clusters are known to serve as suitable precursors for the controlled synthesis of metastable bismuth oxide polymorphs such as β-Bi 2 O 3 . , Nine modifications of bismuth oxide are reported to date (α, β, γ, δ, ε, ω, η, ζ, and R) − and metastable polymorphs such as β- and δ-Bi 2 O 3 are promising materials for diverse applications. For example, δ-Bi 2 O 3 is known as the most effective oxide ion conductor of all binary metal oxides , and is suitable as a gas sensor − and a solid electrolyte, , whereas β-Bi 2 O 3 shows the highest photocatalytic activity of all bismuth oxide polymorphs. ,,, In contrast to the UV-light-driven photocatalyst TiO 2 P25 with its large band gap of ≥3 eV (anatase, 3.2 eV; rutile, 3.0 eV), β-Bi 2 O 3 is a visible-light-driven photocatalyst with a band-gap energy in the range of 2.20–2.77 eV. ,,− Because of the promising photocatalytic activity of β-Bi 2 O 3 , long-term stabilization of this metastable modification is of great interest and can be achieved by doping with elements such as magnesium, zinc, aluminum, iron, cobalt, tin, gadolinium, and cerium. − Furthermore, doping of semiconducting materials is reported as an approach to (fine-)tune the properties of visible-light-driven photocatalysts .…”