Mechanism mapping: A qualitative study of how different forms of instability mediate the relationship between legal status and immigrant mental well-being

Higuera, Kimberly; Jiménez, Tomás R.

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116034

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One possible explanation for the heightened risk of dementia among older immigrants is their chronic exposure to stress and discrimination, which can manifest in various forms and affect multiple aspects of their lives (Higuera and Jiménez, 2023). Discrimination-induced stress inhibits their ability to establish a sense of security and stability in their host country (Higuera and Jiménez, 2023). Certain characteristics of immigrants, such as skin tone or limited language skills, which are often difficult or impossible to change, have consistently been associated with increased discrimination in social interactions (Szaflarski and Bauldry, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disparities in neighbourhood characteristics and 10-year dementia risk by nativity status

Wong,

Soong

2024

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

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Aims Prior research indicates that neighbourhood disadvantage increases dementia risk. There is, however, inconclusive evidence on the relationship between nativity and cognitive impairment. To our knowledge, our study is the first to analyse how nativity and neighbourhood interact to influence dementia risk. Methods Ten years of prospective cohort data (2011–2020) were retrieved from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, a nationally representative sample of 5,362 U.S. older adults aged 65+. Cox regression analysed time to dementia diagnosis using nativity status (foreign- or native-born) and composite scores for neighbourhood physical disorder (litter, graffiti and vacancies) and social cohesion (know, help and trust each other), after applying sampling weights and imputing missing data. Results In a weighted sample representing 26.9 million older adults, about 9.5% (n = 2.5 million) identified as foreign-born and 24.4% (n = 6.5 million) had an incident dementia diagnosis. Average baseline neighbourhood physical disorder was 0.19 (range 0–9), and baseline social cohesion was 4.28 (range 0–6). Baseline neighbourhood physical disorder was significantly higher among foreign-born (mean = 0.28) compared to native-born (mean = 0.18) older adults (t = −2.4, p = .02). Baseline neighbourhood social cohesion was significantly lower for foreign-born (mean = 3.57) compared to native-born (mean = 4.33) older adults (t = 5.5, p < .001). After adjusting for sociodemographic, health and neighbourhood variables, foreign-born older adults had a 51% significantly higher dementia risk (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.19–1.90, p < .01). There were no significant interactions for nativity with neighbourhood physical disorder or social cohesion. Conclusions Our findings suggest that foreign-born older adults have higher neighbourhood physical disorder and lower social cohesion compared to native-born older adults. Despite the higher dementia risk, we observed for foreign-born older adults, and this relationship was not moderated by either neighbourhood physical disorder or social cohesion. Further research is needed to understand what factors are contributing to elevated dementia risk among foreign-born older adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%