Mechanism for the recent ocean warming events on the Scotian Shelf of eastern Canada

Brickman, David; Hebert, Dave; Wang, Z.

doi:10.1016/j.csr.2018.01.001

Cited by 74 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The AMOC reduction obtained with the UVic model (~17%) is consistent with the most recent estimate of weakening (Caesar et al, 2018;Rahmstorf et al, 2015;Thornalley et al, 2018). This subsurface warming of the western North Atlantic under weak AMOC conditions is expected from global gridded data set (Dima & Lohmann, 2010), theory (Petrie & Drinkwater, 1993;Zhang, 2008;Zhang et al, 2007), coarse (this study), and high-resolution and eddy-permitting models (Brickman et al, 2018;Caesar et al, 2018;Saba et al, 2016;Thornalley et al, 2018). Thus, the warming can be considered a robust fingerprint of the weakened AMOC.…”

Section: Modeled Effect Of Reduced Amoc On Subsurface Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 88%

Last Century Warming Over the Canadian Atlantic Shelves Linked to Weak Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

Thibodeau

Not

Zhu

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is a key component of the global climate system. Recent studies suggested a twentieth‐century weakening of the AMOC of unprecedented amplitude (~15%) over the last millennium. Here we present a record of δ18O in benthic foraminifera from sediment cores retrieved from the Laurentian Channel and demonstrate that the δ18O trend is linked to the strength of the AMOC. In this 100‐year record, the AMOC signal decreased steadily to reach its minimum value in the late 1970s, where the weakest AMOC signal then remains constant until 2000. We also present a longer δ18O record of 1,500 years and highlight the uniqueness of the last century δ18O trend. Moreover, the Little Ice Age period is characterized by statistically heavier δ18O, suggesting a relatively weak AMOC. Implications for understanding the mechanisms driving the intensity of AMOC under global warming and high‐latitude freshwater input are discussed.

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Section: Modeled Effect Of Reduced Amoc On Subsurface Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 88%

Last Century Warming Over the Canadian Atlantic Shelves Linked to Weak Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

Thibodeau

Not

Zhu

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The NWA region is experiencing rapid warming due to climate change, with rates as high as 0.4–0.3°C per decade since the 1980s (Brickman, Hebert, & Wang, 2018; Pershing et al, 2015; Thomas et al, 2017). Regional warming has been observed during all seasons, with the greatest increases during summer (Baumann & Doherty, 2013; Thomas et al, 2017).…”

Section: Threats and Related Vulnerabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of sand lances (Ammodytes sp.) in the Northwest Atlantic Ecosystem: A synthesis of current knowledge with implications for conservation and management

et al. 2020

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The American sand lance (Ammodytes americanus, Ammodytidae) and the Northern sand lance (A. dubius, Ammodytidae) are small forage fishes that play an important functional role in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean (NWA). The NWA is a highly dynamic ecosystem currently facing increased risks from climate change, fishing and energy development. We need a better understanding of the biology, population dynamics | 523 STAUDINGER ET Al.

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“…In the early 2000s, the pattern of flow through the deep channel transitioned from a relatively stable flow structure with episodic variability to strongly seasonal; notably, deep water in the channel exhibited consistent reversals of flow in the spring and fall (Smith, Pettigrew, Yeats, Townsend, & Han, ). Changes in surface currents (e.g., the Gulf of Maine Coastal Current) and deep water exchanges are driven by interactions between the Gulf Stream and Labrador currents; changes in these currents are causing an increase in the frequency of anomalous warm water pulses and altered supply dynamics of nutrient‐rich deep slope water into the GoM (Brickman, Hebert, & Wang, ; Pettigrew et al, ; Ramp, Schlitz, & Wright, ).…”

Section: Evidence For Shifting Phenology In the Gommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…changes in these currents are causing an increase in the frequency of anomalous warm water pulses and altered supply dynamics of nutrient-rich deep slope water into the GoM (Brickman, Hebert, & Wang, 2018;Pettigrew et al, 2005;Ramp, Schlitz, & Wright, 1985).…”

Section: Seasonal Stratification and Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

It’s about time: A synthesis of changing phenology in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem

Staudinger

Mills

Stamieszkin

et al. 2019

Fisheries Oceanography

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The timing of recurring biological and seasonal environmental events is changing on a global scale relative to temperature and other climate drivers. This study considers the Gulf of Maine ecosystem, a region of high social and ecological importance in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean and synthesizes current knowledge of (a) key seasonal processes, patterns, and events; (b) direct evidence for shifts in timing; (c) implications of phenological responses for linked ecological‐human systems; and (d) potential phenology‐focused adaptation strategies and actions. Twenty studies demonstrated shifts in timing of regional marine organisms and seasonal environmental events. The most common response was earlier timing, observed in spring onset, spring and winter hydrology, zooplankton abundance, occurrence of several larval fishes, and diadromous fish migrations. Later timing was documented for fall onset, reproduction and fledging in Atlantic puffins, spring and fall phytoplankton blooms, and occurrence of additional larval fishes. Changes in event duration generally increased and were detected in zooplankton peak abundance, early life history periods of macro‐invertebrates, and lobster fishery landings. Reduced duration was observed in winter–spring ice‐affected stream flows. Two studies projected phenological changes, both finding diapause duration would decrease in zooplankton under future climate scenarios. Phenological responses were species‐specific and varied depending on the environmental driver, spatial, and temporal scales evaluated. Overall, a wide range of baseline phenology and relevant modeling studies exist, yet surprisingly few document long‐term shifts. Results reveal a need for increased emphasis on phenological shifts in the Gulf of Maine and identify opportunities for future research and consideration of phenological changes in adaptation efforts.

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Mechanism for the recent ocean warming events on the Scotian Shelf of eastern Canada

Cited by 74 publications

References 21 publications

Last Century Warming Over the Canadian Atlantic Shelves Linked to Weak Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

Last Century Warming Over the Canadian Atlantic Shelves Linked to Weak Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

The role of sand lances (Ammodytes sp.) in the Northwest Atlantic Ecosystem: A synthesis of current knowledge with implications for conservation and management

It’s about time: A synthesis of changing phenology in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem

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