Mechanism for the formation and growth of carbonaceous spheres from sucrose by hydrothermal carbonization

Qi, Yujie; Zhang, Mu; Qi, Lin; Qi, Yang

doi:10.1039/c5ra26725k

Cited by 78 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Firstly, most of RH‐Cellulose are hydrolyzed into glucose in high temperature and high pressure conditions, catalyzed by hydronium ions forming from the water autoionization reaction . After a series of tautomerization and intramolecular dehydration, the glucose transforms into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which is considered as main building units in the next polymerization reactions . Then the soluble polymers are generated by the intermolecular dehydration of HMF molecules, and the cross‐linking furanic compounds are formed via a series of polymerization and polycondensation reactions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[48] After a series of tautomerization and intramolecular dehydration, the glucose transforms into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which is considered as main building units in the next polymerization reactions. [49,50] Then the soluble polymers are generated by the intermolecular dehydration of HMF molecules, and the cross-linking furanic compounds are formed via a series of polymerization and polycondensation reactions. With the extension of time, the volume of produced cross-linking furanic compounds becomes larger and larger, thus makes the polymers hydrophobic and precipitate from the solution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellulose‐Derived Hollow Carbonaceous Nanospheres from Rice Husks as Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Enhanced Reversible Capacity and Cyclic Performance

2017

ChemistrySelect

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Disordered carbons are widely used as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries due to their stable cycle performance, high specific capacity and negative redox potentials. Among them, as an environmental friendly renewable source, biomass has attracted much attention for its application in the preparation of disordered carbon. We report a novel carbonaceous material with interconnected hollow nanosphere structure which used cellulose extracted from rice husk (RH) as a precursor and prepared through hydrothermal carbonization and high temperature calcination. When used as anodes for lithium‐ion batteries, the first discharge specific capacity is as high as 1040 mAhg−1 at a rate of 0.2 C and the reversible specific capacity stabilized at 489 mAhg−1 after 100 cycles. The novel disordered nanostructure material displays superior Lithium‐ion battery performance with large reversible capacities, excellent cyclic performance, and outstanding rate capability, highlighting the importance of hollow interconnected structure for maximum utilization of electrochemically active for energy storage applications in high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose‐Derived Hollow Carbonaceous Nanospheres from Rice Husks as Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Enhanced Reversible Capacity and Cyclic Performance

2017

ChemistrySelect

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“…These changes are similar to the hydrochar converted from glucose, fructose or sucrose. 11,37,38 In the HPMC/opal systems, the morphology of products has changed signicantly. At 150 min, spherical hydrochar, but very little and small (<1 mm), is also found in the products, but more particles (20-100 nm) are adsorbed onto opal surfaces ( Fig.…”

Section: Element Analysis Of Hydrocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opal promotes hydrothermal carbonization of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and formation of carbon nanospheres

Xia

Jiang

et al. 2018

RSC Adv.

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Hydrothermal carbon nanospheres were prepared by introducing opal into the hydrothermal carbonization system of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC). Then the effects of opal on hydrothermal carbonization of HPMC were investigated after different reaction durations (105-240 min). The reaction products were characterized by elemental analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and N 2 adsorption-desorption. Results of elemental analysis indicated that the H (hydrogen) and O (oxygen) content of HPMC decreased through dehydration, demethylation, decarbonylation and hydrolysis reactions, forming hydrochar with higher carbon content. The addition of opal was confirmed to accelerate the hydrolysis of HPMC. N 2 adsorption-desorption tests and SEM analysis showed that opal with a large specific surface area adsorbed HPMC hydrolysis products, such as furans, and facilitated furan cyclodehydration on its surfaces to form cross-linked carbons, which contributed to the quick formation of hydrochar. Moreover, the adsorption by opal also inhibited hydrochar aggregation, so the final hydrothermal carbon spheres had sizes of 20-100 nm.

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“…The carbonaceous microspheres originate from the polymerization and carbonization of glucose and become solid foundation for the preparation of multi‐shelled hollow spheres with diverse compositions and structures through sequential templating approach (Figure ). In addition to glucose, a variety of carbon sources including but not limited to sucrose, cyclodextrin, fructose and amino acid have been proved to be feasible raw materials for preparation of carbonaceous microspheres. Apart from the carbonaceous microspheres template, polymer particles and metal organic frameworks are also developed as rational designed templates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Single‐Component Metal Oxides with Controllable Multi‐Shelled Structure and their Morphology‐Related Applications

Qin

Lan

Liu

et al. 2019

The Chemical Record

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Multi‐shelled hollow spheres metal oxides, namely materials with more than three shells, have attracted increasing attention due to their unique structure. The preparation methods of typical metal oxides including NiO, Co3O4 and ZnO etc. have been summarized in this review. Simultaneously, the parameters that influence the ultimate morphologies, shell number as well as the compositions have also been discussed. The potential application fields in energy conversion and storage, electromagnetic wave absorption, photocatalysis that related to the unique structure are also highlighted. Finally, the future researches of multi‐shelled hollow spheres metal oxides are further discussed.

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Mechanism for the formation and growth of carbonaceous spheres from sucrose by hydrothermal carbonization

Abstract: We report a new three-step mechanism for the formation and growth of carbonaceous spheres by hydrothermal carbonization of saccharides using sucrose as a precursor material.

Cited by 78 publications

References 35 publications

Cellulose‐Derived Hollow Carbonaceous Nanospheres from Rice Husks as Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Enhanced Reversible Capacity and Cyclic Performance

Cellulose‐Derived Hollow Carbonaceous Nanospheres from Rice Husks as Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Enhanced Reversible Capacity and Cyclic Performance

Opal promotes hydrothermal carbonization of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and formation of carbon nanospheres

Synthesis of Single‐Component Metal Oxides with Controllable Multi‐Shelled Structure and their Morphology‐Related Applications

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