Mechanism behind the neuronal ephaptic coupling during synchronizing by specific brain-triggered wave as neuronal motor toolkit

Abstract

Probable mechanism behind the neuronal ephaptic coupling is investigated based on the introduction of “Brain”-triggered potential excitation signal smartly with a specific very low frequency (VLF) waves as a neuronal motor toolkit. Detection of this electric motor toolkit is attributed to in-vitro precise analyses of a neural network of snail, along to the disconnected snail’s neuronal network as a control. This is achieved via rapid (real-time) electrical signals acquisition by blind patch-clamp method during micro-electrode implanting in the neurons at the gigaseal conditions by the surgery operations. This process is based on its waveform (potential excitation signal) detection by mathematical curve fitting process. The characterized waveform of this electrical signal is “Saw Tooth” that is smartly stimulated, alternatively, by the brain during triggering the action potential’s (AP’s) hyperpolarization zone at a certain time interval at the several µs levels. Triggering the neuron cells results in (1) observing a positive shift (10.0%, depending on the intensity of the triggering wave), and (2) major promotion in the electrical current from sub nano (n) to micro (µ) amper (nA, µA) levels. Direct tracing the time domain (i.e., electrical signal vs. time) and estimation of the frequency domain (diagram of electrical response vs. the applied electrical frequencies) by the “Discrete Fast Fourier Transform” algorithm approve the presence of bilateral and reversible electrical currents between axon and dendrite. This mechanism therefore opens a novel view about the neuronal motor toolkit mechanism, versus the general knowledge about the unilateral electrical current flow from axon to dendrite operations in as neural network. The reliability of this mechanism is evaluated via (1) sequential modulation and demodulation of the snail’s neuron network by a simulation electrical functions and sequentially evaluation of the neuronal current sensitivity between pA and nA (during the promotion of the signal-to-noise ratio, via averaging of 30 ± 1 (n = 15) and recycling the electrical cycles before any neuronal response); and (2) operation of the process on the differentiated stem cells. The interstice behavior is attributed to the effective role of Ca2+ channels (besides Na+ and K+ ionic pumping), during hyper/hypo calcium processes, evidenced by inductively coupled plasma as the selected analytical method. This phenomenon is also modeled during proposing quadrupole well potential levels in the neuron systems. This mechanism therefore points to the microprocessor behavior of neuron networks. Stimulation of the neuronal system based on this mechanism, not only controls the sensitivity of neuron electrical stimulation, but also would open a light window for more efficient operating the neuronal connectivity during providing interruptions by phenomena such as neurolysis as well as an efficient treatment of neuron-based disorders.

In Vivo Chemogenetic Biocompatibility of Mercury as a Specific Hypercalcemia Actuator in Snail’s Spinal Cord Cell Manipulation: An Extracellular Field Potential Biosensor

“…These channels were modified with the differentiated neuron stem cells based on only reaching the giga ohm sealed conditions in accordance with the procedure reported in our previous research. 17 The giga ohm sealed condition was also developed based on a previously reported procedure. 18 Briefly, this was achieved via linearly (forward and backward) moving the implanted microelectrodes with hands and/or using the stepper motors, along with directly measuring the electrical resistance by a digital ohmmeter (Digital Multimeter, Fluke 115 True RMS).…”

“…The AP was then measured by the extracellular field potential biosensing method at the giga ohm sealed condition according to the recommended procedure. 17 However, to measure the electrical current flux, the neuron system was initially stimulated with a suitable electrical potential. 17 In this study, the results pointed to the insignificance of a wide variety of direct current (DC) potential with different electrical amplitudes, ranging between −150.0 and + 200.0 mV (vs total applied potential).…”

“…17 However, to measure the electrical current flux, the neuron system was initially stimulated with a suitable electrical potential. 17 In this study, the results pointed to the insignificance of a wide variety of direct current (DC) potential with different electrical amplitudes, ranging between −150.0 and + 200.0 mV (vs total applied potential). However, the effect of the DC triggering process on the measured electrical current was so small that even alternative triggering of the DC waveforms with different on/off (clock) frequency domains ranging from 5 to 10 000 Hz showed a significant electrical response.…”

“…The detail of the sawtooth waveform as well as its optimization (by the one-factor-at-a time method) was evaluated in our previous study. 17 According to this report, this optimization was achieved automatically by programming the function generator by the program written with VB 6 software. The optimized responsible factors have been summarized in Figure 1.…”

“…This phenomenon was also attributed to the special triggering behavior of the sawtooth waveform, compared to other types of AC-triggering systems under similar conditions (Figure 5), based on the introduced mechanistic behavior of the stimulated waveform. 17 3.6.4. Linear Range, Reproducibility, and Detection Limit of the Mercury-Based Biosensor.…”