Mechanism and Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Osteosarcoma

Abstract

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor, often occurring in children and adolescents. The etiology of most patients is unclear, and the current conventional treatment methods are chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection. However, the sensitivity of osteosarcoma to radiotherapy and chemotherapy is low, and the prognosis is poor. The development of new and useful treatment strategies for improving patient survival is an urgent need. It has been found that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (ERS) affects tumor angiogenesis, invasion, etc. By summarizing the literature related to osteosarcoma and ERS, we found that the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway activated by ERS has a regulatory role in osteosarcoma proliferation, apoptosis, and chemoresistance. In osteosarcoma, the UPR pathway plays an important role by crosstalk with autophagy, oxidative stress, and other pathways. Overall, this article focuses on the relationship between ERS and osteosarcoma and reviews the potential of drugs or gene targets associated with ERS for the treatment of osteosarcoma.

Prediction of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related features and indication of immune microenvironment for the prognosis of osteosarcoma

“…As the largest organelle in eukaryotic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a membrane structure composed of branching tubules and attened cisternae, is the main site for protein synthesis, processing, and transportation [7]. However, the protein processing capacity of the ER is limited.…”

Engineered nanomaterials enhance drug delivery strategies for the treatment of osteosarcoma

“…OS is the second leading cause of death among adolescent tumor-related diseases ( Siclari and Qin, 2010 ). Over the past four decades, the incidence of bone tumors has stabilized, but the mortality rate of bone tumors in patients with bone tumors has gradually increased due to their highly aggressive and metastatic nature ( Zhu et al, 2022 ).…”

“…Current conventional treatments for malignancy are chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical resection ( Wu et al, 2022a ). Surgery can only remove the local tumor, but cannot cure the metastasis ( Zhu et al, 2022 ). Chemotherapy is one of the most commonly used cancer treatments.…”

“…The treatment of malignant bone tumors is still a difficult problem to solve clinically. The key factors reducing the therapeutic effect of OS: 1) the resistance of OS cells to chemoradiotherapy; 2) Reducing the adverse reactions of chemotherapy drugs ( Zhu et al, 2022 ).…”