Mechanism and reaction kinetic of hybrid ozonation-ultrasonication treatment for intensified degradation of emerging organic contaminants in water: A critical review

Microbial Evaluation of Ozone Water Combined with Ultrasound Cleaning on Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)

“…Therefore, ozone water could be used as a disinfectant and washing liquid to facilitate subsequent food processing [ 21 ]. Studies have shown that ultrasound combined with ozone could be used to increase oxidative capacity, thereby providing a faster degradation rate of organic pollutants [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Ultrasonic-assisted ozone degradation of organic pollutants in industrial sulfuric acid

“…In a less viscous sulfuric acid, the mass transfer of ozone is enhanced, and the reaction between ozone molecules and chromogenic groups of organic molecules is more comprehensive. In addition, an increase in temperature can accelerate the conversion of O 3 to OH·, thereby enhancing the degradation rate of organic pollutants [24] . At the same time, a rising temperature can reduce the half-life and solubility of ozone in the liquid phase [44] , [45] .…”

“…Based upon actual field results with commercial customers in the oil and gas business, the Ozonix reactor resulted in an effective treatment of the frac water, giving much better results compared to the chemical treatments. The enhancement effect of ultrasound is mainly explained by the cavitation effect of ultrasound promoting ozone decomposition to produce free radicals and increasing the volumetric mass transfer coefficient of ozone in aqueous solution [24] , [25] . Zhang et al [26] used a mathematical model to calculate the self-decomposition rate constant of ozone in an aqueous solution with or without ultrasound and found that ultrasound could strengthen the self-decomposition rate of ozone and facilitate the formation of hydroxyl radicals by ozone.…”

A Review on Sonochemistry and Its Environmental Applications

“…Hydrophobic compounds can successfully be decomposed by low-frequency ultrasound as they migrate through the cavity bubbles and are pyrolysed within or can be thermally decomposed in the gas-liquid interface. The delayed growth and prolonged collapse of the bubbles, on the other hand, induces radical scavenging and recombination and inhibits hydroxylic radicals' transfer to the bulk solution [22]. When a medium frequency ultrasound is applied, greater energies are released into the liquid because "transient" cavitations collapse more rapidly and violently [21].…”

“…Due to the extremely quick explosions, radical scavenging does not usually take place inside the bubble and at the interface. For advanced oxidation processes that aim to destroy nonvolatile organic pollutants by free radical effects, medium frequencies are therefore highly effective [22][23][24].…”