Mechanism and kinetics of the electrochemical formation of polypyrrole under forced convection conditions

Evaluation of the potential dependence of 2D–3D growth rates and structures of polypyrrole films in aqueous solutions of hexafluorates

“…An alternative phenomenon, proposed by PalomarPardave and coworkers to explain the initial current decay, was oxidation of pyrrole at the electrode not covered by the oligomeric/polymeric products [31]. It should be realized that the time window of our experiments starts at t = 0.1 s so rate processes taking place at t < 0.1 s are below the detection limit.…”

The electrochemical growth of conducting polymer “nanowires”

“…Excessive convection would eliminate the concentration gradients necessary to promote the morphological instability, and further could cause initially formed oligomers to be removed away from the electrode [49]. The relative variations in monomer concentration across the electrode induced as a consequence of the interplay of surface reaction and solution transport should be greatest at low monomer concentration, which is indeed the condition for which single wire growth was observed.…”

Electrochemical nucleation and growth of black and white chromium deposits onto stainless steel surfaces

“…It has been shown that the potentiostatic technique is a powerful tool for elucidating the mechanisms of formation of new phases during electrocrystallization processes [8][9][10][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. As nitrates play a major role in the formation of chromium coatings with photothermal properties [6], analysis of the electrocrystallization mechanism of Cr 2 O 3 on steel must be well defined, cf.…”