Mechanism and enhancement of solute transport across the stratum corneum

Potts, Russell O.; Golden, Guia M.; Francoeur, Michael L.; Mak, Vivien H. W.; Guy, Richard H.

doi:10.1016/0168-3659(91)90116-u

Cited by 84 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It is known that PG acts as a skin penetration enhancer for several drugs (57)(58)(59). Long-chain fatty acids and other hydrophobic enhancers have been applied in combination with a relatively hydrophilic vehicle, such as PG, to achieve an enhanced penetration effect (60).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Transdermal Delivery System for the Anti-Inflammatory Lumiracoxib: Influence of Oleic Acid on In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption and In Vivo Potential Cutaneous Irritation

2010

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Abstract. Transdermal delivery of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be an interesting strategy for delivering these drugs to the diseased site, but it would be ineffective due to low skin permeability. We investigated whether oleic acid (OA), a lipid penetration enhancer in poloxamer gels named poloxamer-based delivery systems (PBDS), can improve lumiracoxib (LM) delivery to/through the skin. The LM partition coefficient (K) studies were carried out in order to evaluate the drug lipophilicity grade (K octanol/buffer ), showing values >1 which demonstrated its high lipophilicity. Both in vitro percutaneous absorption and skin retention studies of LM were measured in the presence or absence of OA (in different concentrations) in PBDS using porcine ear skin. The flux of in vitro percutaneous absorption and in vitro retention of LM in viable epidermis increased in the presence of 10.0% (w/w) OA in 25.0% (w/w) poloxamer gel. In vivo cutaneous irritation potential was carried out in rabbits showing that this formulation did not provide primary or cumulative cutaneous irritability in animal model. The results showed that 25.0% poloxamer gel containing 10.0% OA is potential transdermal delivery system for LM.KEY WORDS: in vitro skin permeation; lumiracoxib; oleic acid; poloxamer-based delivery systems; skin delivery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Transdermal Delivery System for the Anti-Inflammatory Lumiracoxib: Influence of Oleic Acid on In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption and In Vivo Potential Cutaneous Irritation

2010

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“…Although these wavenumber shifts are relatively small, they are consistent in magnitude with previous studies of chemical enhancers. [24] Altogether, these data indicate that NLS-ethanol increased stratum corneum lipid chain disorder and fluidity and that addition of magainin caused a further increase in this disorder.…”

Section: Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 64%

Transdermal delivery enhanced by magainin pore-forming peptide

Kim

Ludovice

Prausnitz

2007

Journal of Controlled Release

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In this study we tested the hypothesis that magainin, a peptide known to form pores in bacterial cell membranes, can increase skin permeability by disrupting stratum corneum lipid structure. We further hypothesized that magainin's enhancement requires co-administration with a surfactant chemical enhancer to increase magainin penetration into the skin. In support of these hypotheses, exposure to a known surfactant chemical enhancer, N-lauroyl sarcosine (NLS), in 50% ethanol solution increased in vitro skin permeability to fluorescein 15 fold and the combination of magainin and NLS-ethanol synergistically increased skin permeability 47 fold. In contrast, skin permeability was unaffected by exposure to magainin without co-enhancement by NLS-ethanol. Furthermore, confocal microscopy showed that magainin in the presence of NLS-ethanol penetrated deeply and extensively into stratum corneum, whereas magainin alone penetrated poorly into the skin. Additional analysis by Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry showed that NLS-ethanol disrupted stratum corneum lipid structure and that the combination of magainin and NLS-ethanol disrupted stratum corneum lipids even further. Altogether, these data suggest that NLSethanol increased magainin penetration into stratum corneum, which further increased stratum corneum lipid disruption and skin permeability. We believe this is the first study to demonstrate the use of a pore-forming peptide to increase skin permeability. This study also introduces the novel concept of using a first chemical enhancer to increase penetration of a second chemical enhancer into the skin to synergistically increase skin permeability to a model drug.

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“…1 upon heating to Zone I. It should be mentioned that a commonly observed, lower-temperature peak at 35-40 • C is not easily observed (Potts et al, 1991) and an additional higher temperature peak at 105-120 • C, which represent changes in stratum corneum protein conformation, is also not seen in our DSC thermogram, because it requires a stratum corneum water content of at least 15% (Leopold and Lippold, 1995) and our skin samples were dried before DSC analysis.…”

Section: Analysis By Dscmentioning

confidence: 86%

The effect of heat on skin permeability

Park¹,

Lee

Kim

et al. 2008

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

111

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a b s t r a c tAlthough the effects of long exposure ( 1 s) to moderate temperatures (≤100 • C) have been well characterized, recent studies suggest that shorter exposure (<1 s) to higher temperatures (>100 • C) can dramatically increase skin permeability. Previous studies suggest that by keeping exposures short, thermal damage can be localized to the stratum corneum without damaging deeper tissue. Initial clinical trials have progressed to Phase II (see http://clinicaltrials.gov), which indicates the procedure can be safe. Because the effect of heating under these conditions has received little systematic or mechanistic study, we heated full-thickness skin, epidermis and stratum corneum samples from human and porcine cadavers to temperatures ranging from 100 to 315 • C for times ranging from 100 ms to 5 s. Tissue samples were analyzed using skin permeability measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, thermomechanical analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, brightfield and confocal microscopy, and histology. Skin permeability was shown to be a very strong function of temperature and a less strong function of the duration of heating. At optimal conditions used in this study, transdermal delivery of calcein was increased up to 760-fold by rapidly heating the skin at high temperature. More specifically, skin permeability was increased (I) by a few fold after heating to approximately 100-150 • C, (II) by one to two orders of magnitude after heating to approximately 150-250 • C and (III) by three orders of magnitude after heating above 300 • C. These permeability changes were attributed to (I) disordering of stratum corneum lipid structure, (II) disruption of stratum corneum keratin network structure and (III) decomposition and vaporization of keratin to create micron-scale holes in the stratum corneum, respectively. We conclude that heating the skin with short, high temperature pulses can increase skin permeability by orders of magnitude due to structural disruption and removal of stratum corneum.

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Mechanism and enhancement of solute transport across the stratum corneum

Cited by 84 publications

References 21 publications

A Novel Transdermal Delivery System for the Anti-Inflammatory Lumiracoxib: Influence of Oleic Acid on In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption and In Vivo Potential Cutaneous Irritation

A Novel Transdermal Delivery System for the Anti-Inflammatory Lumiracoxib: Influence of Oleic Acid on In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption and In Vivo Potential Cutaneous Irritation

Transdermal delivery enhanced by magainin pore-forming peptide

The effect of heat on skin permeability

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